The AML: A quick‐screening device for early identification of school maladaptation

Cowen, Emory L.; Dorr, Darwin; Clarfield, Steven; Kreling, Barbara; McWilliams, Spencer A.; Pokracki, Francine; Pratt, Dallas; Terrell, David L.; Wilson, Alice B.

doi:10.1007/bf00881243

Cited by 129 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results might be interpreted as support for the inclusion of the SE scale in the screening procedure, since it is not redundant to the DIAL scales themselves. However, Docherty (Note 2) has shown that the SE scale has a very low relationship with the AML (Cowan et al, 1973), a well-validated 11-item teachercompleted rating scale designed specifically for screening of behavioral and academic problems. Since the AML is based only on teachers' actual classroom observations, while the SE is based only on observations of test behavior, these results suggest that the SE scale has low concurrent validity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…But is the information obtained worth the effort? Little validity information is available for the DIAL, but research on alternative instruments such as the AML (Cowan, Dorr, Clarfield, Kreling, McWilliams, Pokrachi, Pratt, Tenell, & Wilson, 1973;Docherty, Note 2) or the Pupil Rating Scale (Myklebust, 1971) suggests that teacher-completed rating scales, taking about 1 minute per child, may be just as effective for screening purposes. Teacher-completed instruments, of course, cannot be used with that proportion of preschool children who are not in a preschool program, and it is here that the DIAL is most efficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Dial: Preschool Screening for Learning Problems

Docherty

1983

J Spec Educ

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The Development Indicators for the Assessment of Learning (DIAL), a preschool screening instrument, was administered to 436 children aged 3 years-1 month to 5 years-11 months. The results, in terms of the number of children identified as having potential problems, and the organization of the DIAL subscales, supported the use of the DIAL. Several practical limitations to the use of the DIAL are discussed, including the amount of time and personnel required. An experimental social-emotional checklist was found to have little empirical support, and its omission from the screening process is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Dial: Preschool Screening for Learning Problems

Docherty

1983

J Spec Educ

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“…The screening process pools information from professional interviews with mothers of first-grade children, group psychological evaluations, classroom observations, and teacher judgments about children. PMHP's research staff has developed several rapid, objective screening measures of both children's problems and competencies, based on teachers' observations of classroom behaviors (Cowen, Dorr, Clarfield, Kreling, McWilliams, Pratt, Pokracki, Terrell, & Wilson, 1973;Gesten, 1976;). …”

Section: Origins and Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

The Primary Mental Health Project: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Cowen

1980

J Spec Educ

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The article presents a panoramic view of the evolution and growth of the Primary Mental Health Project (PMHP), an innovative schoolbased program for early detection and prevention of school-maladjustment problems. It consists of 3 major sections: (a) a historical account of PMHP, identifying the problems it seeks to address, its rationale, its beginnings, and its growth over the years; (b) a description of how the current PMHP program works and of the program modifications that have been developed to meet practical problems; and (c) a consideration of PMHP's accomplishments and contributions, as well as implications for future steps to promote the well-being and adjustment of young (school) children.The Primary Mental Health Project (PMHP) is an innovative program for early detection and prevention of school-adjustment problems (Cowen, Trost, Lorion, Dorr, Izzo, & Isaacson, 1975). It started 23 years ago in response to the fact that the incidence of school maladjustment in young children far exceeded mental health's ability to provide help. Through the use of early-detection and screening devices, which PMHP has developed over the years, the program identifies primary grade children with early school-adjustment problems. Once identified, those youngsters receive prompt, effective helping services from carefully selected, trained, nonprofessional child-aides. The latter, working under close professional supervision, increase tenfold the number of children served. The project addresses behavior and adaptive problems (e.g., aggression and withdrawal) that interfere with effective learning. Program evaluation studies have shown that the approach helps many young children to a richer, more productive school experience. As a result of PMHP's active and recent dissemination, the project model has been adopted by some 50 + school districts and 300 + schools across the country.When all is said and done, perhaps PMHP's most distinctive features are that it has survived 23 years and, in the process, has perceptibly influenced how school mental health services are conceptualized and delivered. Looking retrospectively at PMHP's cumulated writings, one sees that individual papers ad-

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“…The summary score is based on all 11 items and the higher the score, the greater the perceived maladjustment. The test-retest reliability of the AML is .85 (Cowen, Dorr, Clarfield, Kreling, McWilliams, Pokracki, Pratt, Terrell, & Wilson, 1973).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of adjustment problems in preschool children by teachers and paraprofessional aides

Rickel

1982

J. Community Psychol.

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Differences in perception between college student aides' and teachers' judgments of a child's problems, and how well they know and like the child, were investigated. The AML and CARS scales were used by both teachers and aides to evaluate three‐ and four‐year‐old children referred to a preschool mental health project. Statistically significant differences were found between teachers' and aides' perceptions, with the aides being generally more positive in their assessments of the children. To the extent that a positive perception of a child may be more conducive to a positive intervention effect, use of college student aides appears to increase the potential for positive change in a child.

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The AML: A quick‐screening device for early identification of school maladaptation

Cited by 129 publications

References 6 publications

The Dial: Preschool Screening for Learning Problems

The Dial: Preschool Screening for Learning Problems

The Primary Mental Health Project: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Perceptions of adjustment problems in preschool children by teachers and paraprofessional aides

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