The amino acid, collagen and mineral composition of preruminant calves

Williams, A. P.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600056161

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The CP:H20 and ash:H20 ratios in the empty body were calculated from data presented by various researchers (Trowbridge et al, 1918(Trowbridge et al, , 1919Moulton et al, 1922Moulton et al, , 1923Haigh et al, 1920;Haecker, 1920;Ellenberger et al, 1950;Garrett and Hinman, 1969;Garrett et al, 1971;Simpendorfer, 1973;Foot and TuUoh, 1977;Williams, 1978;Arnold, 1980) and from the present experiment. These data represent body composition as measured by direct chemical analysis in 458 head of cattle, which range from fetuses to 7-to 9-yr-old cows and represent many different breeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Use of Deuterium Oxide Dilution Techniques for Determination of Body Composition of Beef Steers

Arnold

Hentges

Trenkle

1985

Journal of Animal Science

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Body composition as estimated by a one- or two-compartment deuterium oxide dilution technique was compared with directly measured body composition of 15 large- and 15 small-frame steers. Body composition of the steers was measured at 219, 412 and 603 kg live weight. Empty body protein was overestimated (P less than .05) 3.6% from a one-compartment model (1 CM, using the slope, intercept method), while empty body protein was underestimated (P less than .05) 5.4% from a two-compartment kinetic model (2CM). Empty body ether extract estimated by 1 CM was not significantly different from the direct method, although 4.7% larger. Empty body ether extract was overestimated (P less than .001) 32.2% by the 2CM. Empty body water was accurately estimated from the 1CM when a 3.2% correction factor was used for the overestimation of total body water by the 1CM, but water in gastrointestinal tract contents was overestimated (P less than .001) 13.4% by the 1CM. Empty body water was underestimated (P less than .001) 7.8% by the 2CM, and water in gastrointestinal tract contents was overestimated (P less than .001) 41.8% by the 2CM due to its dependence on regression equations that differ between groups of cattle. The 2CM offered no advantage over the 1CM. A three-compartment model was not better than the 2CM in estimating body water compartments. Assuming the amount of empty body water associated with either empty body protein or ash to be constant seemed to be valid. Suggested values calculated from data presented in the literature for growing cattle with an empty body weight greater than 175 kg are .302 and .0668, respectively, for the ratios of protein and ash to water. The relationship between empty body fat and water was, percentage empty body fat = 94.27--(1.267)(percentage empty body water), which had a 1.25 residual standard deviation and a .98 coefficient of determination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Use of Deuterium Oxide Dilution Techniques for Determination of Body Composition of Beef Steers

Arnold

Hentges

Trenkle

1985

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Williams [32] analysed protein composition of 8 preruminant calves after total homogenisation. Gerrits et al [12] analysed Holstein Friesian × Dutch Friesian calves at 83 and 162 kg.…”

Section: Protein Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional data on Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls$^{1, 2}$

Campeneere¹,

Fiems²,

Paepe³

et al. 2001

Anim. Res.

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-Compositional data of 17 Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls with empty body weight between 276 and 669 kg were analysed. Body composition only changed slowly and linearly within the investigated live weight range. Water, protein, fat and ash in the empty body varied between 65.8 and 72.0%, 18.9 and 21.2%, 3.5 and 9.7% and 3.0 and 4.% respectively. The chemical fat content in the empty body was remarkably low. The percentage of accreted energy as protein always remained higher than 50% of the total accreted energy, which is much higher than generally reported in literature. Caloric values for protein and fat were: 22.91 (± 0.90) MJ . kg -1 and 38.74 (± 1.53) MJ . kg -1 respectively. Carcass protein contained on average (in %) 8.8 Asp, 15.6 Glu, 5.3 Pro, 7.7 Gly, 6.6 Ala, 7.5 Leu, 7.4 Lys and 6.5 Arg, while the protein in the non-carcass parts contained (in %) 8.0 Asp, 12.7 Glu, 8.8 Pro, 15.1 Gly, 8.0 Ala, 6.6 Leu, 5.6 Lys and 7.2 Arg. The protein composition proved to be rather constant for the considered live weight range.

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“…where 0·18 is the assumed fraction of protein in ovine muscle, from data of Williams (1978) for the preruminant calf.…”

Section: Calculations For Hind-limb Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Valine and the Exchange of Amino Acids across the Hind-limb Muscles of Fed and Starved Sheep

Teleni¹,

Annison²,

Lindsay³

1986

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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A combination of the isotope-dilution and arterio-venous (A V) difference techniques was used to study simultaneously the metabolism of valine in the whole body and in the hind-limb muscles of fed and starved (40 h) sheep. The net exchange of gluconeogenic amino acids across hind-limb muscles was also studied.Valine entry rate was unaffected by nutritional status. There was significant extraction of valine by hind-limb muscles in both fed and starved sheep. The percentage of valine uptake decarboxylated was higher (P < 0'05) in fed sheep but the amount of valine decarboxylated was not significantly different. The proportion of valine uptake that was transaminated was about 30 times higher in starved sheep. About 54% of valine taken up by hind-limb muscle of starved sheep was metabolized.The corresponding value for fed sheep was 21 %. The contribution of CO2 from valine decarboxylation to total hind-limb muscle C02 output was about 0·2%.The output of alanine in both fed and starved sheep was low but the output of glutamine was relatively high and roughly equivalent to the amounts of aspartate, glutamate and branched-chain amino acids that were catabolized. This study has confirmed that valine is catabolized in sheep skeletal muscle, and shown that glutamine is a major carrier of amino nitrogen out of muscle.

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The amino acid, collagen and mineral composition of preruminant calves

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluation of the Use of Deuterium Oxide Dilution Techniques for Determination of Body Composition of Beef Steers

Evaluation of the Use of Deuterium Oxide Dilution Techniques for Determination of Body Composition of Beef Steers

Compositional data on Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls$^{1, 2}$

Metabolism of Valine and the Exchange of Amino Acids across the Hind-limb Muscles of Fed and Starved Sheep

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