The Amine Functionalized Sugarcane Bagasse Biocomposites as Magnetically Adsorbent for Contaminants Removal in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

The method of solvothermal by one-step operation has been performed to synthesize of magnetic amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biocomposites (SB-MH). The obtained SB-MH contains 62.34% of Fe, 17.8 mmol/g of amine, and a magnetic property of 19.46 emu/g. The biocomposite surface area increased significantly from 1.617 to 25.789 m2/g after amine functionalization. The optimum condition of SB-MH used for Pb(II) ion removal was achieved at pH 5 for 360 min with adsorption capacity of 203.522 mg/g. The pseudo 2nd order was well-fitted to the model of Pb(II) ion adsorption. Meanwhile, other contaminant parameters number of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and dye in wastewater were also remarkably reduced by about 74.4%, 88.0%, and 96.7%, respectively. The reusability of SB-MH with 4th repetitions showed only a slight decrease in performance of 5%. Therefore, the proposed magnetic amine-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biocomposites lead to a very potential adsorbent implemented in high scale due to high surface area, easy separation, stable materials and capability to adsorb contaminants from aqueous solution.

Waste to resource: Utilization of waste bagasse as an alternative adsorbent to remove heavy metals from wastewaters in sub-Saharan Africa: A review

“…However, raw sugarcane bagasse and its main functional components show good adsorption capacity towards heavy metals; they can satisfy the water quality need for low concentrations of heavy metals (Ighalo et al 2022). Thus, to meet water quality need at high pollutant loads and to enhance selectivity towards the target adsorbent, further modification of bagasse was needed (Irawan et al 2021). Various modification techniques such as chemical modification by addition of functional groups, acid hydrolysis, carbonization of SCB to derive activated carbon are among those widely reported (Xavier et al 2018).…”

“…In addition, surface modification of SCB based bio-adsorbents is easy due to the abundant hydroxyl, Water Practice & Technology Vol 00 No 0, 4 phenolic and carboxylic functional groups of cellulose and hemicellulose (Ighalo et al 2022). Chemical modification of SCB enhanced HMs bio-adsorption capacity; this may be attributed to the increase in functional properties and binding sites of the bio-adsorbent by the modifying agent and therefore, higher sorption affinity (Li et al 2013;Romero-Cano et al 2017;Irawan et al 2021). As presented in Table 2, SCB chemical modification with EDTA di-anhydride and pyromellitic di-anhydride provides additional carbonyl functional groups on the bagasse surface that account for enhanced Pb(II) removal capacity (Mayor et al 2017;Tang et al 2018).…”

“…In contrast, slow adsorption onto residual binding sites and diffusion of heavy metals into the porous surface follows pseudo first order kinetic models (Hassan et al 2021). Most adsorption kinetics of modified and unmodified SCB for metal ion removal have been reported as pseudo first and pseudo second order kinetic models (Irawan et al 2021;Iwuozor et al 2021a). Pseudo first order kinetics assumes that the adsorption kinetics is directly proportional to the available number of unoccupied sites and governed by a physical adsorption process that is diffusion-controlled; this can occur at high concentration of pollutant dose after all the chemically active adsorption sites are occupied (Shah et al 2019).…”

“…Pseudo first order kinetics assumes that the adsorption kinetics is directly proportional to the available number of unoccupied sites and governed by a physical adsorption process that is diffusion-controlled; this can occur at high concentration of pollutant dose after all the chemically active adsorption sites are occupied (Shah et al 2019). However, in pseudo second order adsorption kinetics it is assumed that adsorption rate and reaction mechanism are controlled by chemical entrapment processes including ion-exchange between adsorbate and functional groups of adsorbent or inter-valence force (Liu et al 2018;Irawan et al 2021). The pseudo second order kinetics model may be the rate-dominating mechanism at appropriate ratios of SCB chemically active sites to pollutant heavy metals dose.…”

“…The adsorption capacity of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is due to its high porosity, high surface area, carbonoxygen containing functional groups, and good stability for reuse (Ighalo et al 2022;Mondal 2022). Surface modification methods for bagasse increase its adsorption capacity towards heavy metals (Wang et al 2017;Sarker et al 2017;Tejada-Tovar et al 2020;Irawan et al 2021;Younas et al 2021). The main objective of this review paper is to reveal comprehensive overviews on selective HMs adsorption capability of SCB for its future potential utilization in real wastewaters of low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa.…”