The ameliorative effects of Averroha carambola on humoral response to sheep erythrocytes in non-treated and cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Wahab, Shadma; Hussain, Arshad; Ahmad, Mohammad; Rizvi, Aliza; Ahmad, Faruque; Farooqui, Alaul Hasan Abad

doi:10.1016/s2221-6189(14)60027-5

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Suppression of the immune system induces significant changes in the human body. Immune-suppression has been shown to be caused by various external stresses, including pesticides, alcohol and tobacco abuse, antibiotics, chemotherapy, birth control pills, cortisone, and other drug therapies [4,5,6]. Recently, herbal extracts have been studied extensively for their potential therapeutic effects in immune function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice

et al. 2016

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The objective of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing activity of a high molecular weight fraction (HMF) of Cynanchum wilfordii in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the cyclophosphamide (CYC)-induced mouse model of immunosuppression. To identify the bioactive substances of HMF, a crude polysaccharide (HMFO) was obtained and treated with sodium periodate (an oxidation agent) or digested with protease. In macrophages, HMF treatment enhanced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)), as well as phagocytic ability. In CYC-immunosuppressed mice, HMF improved relative spleen and thymus weights, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. These increases in NO and cytokines were mediated by up-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Periodate treatment, but not protease treatment, decreased the immune-enhancing activity of HMFO, suggesting that polysaccharides are the active ingredients in C. wilfordii extract.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice

et al. 2016

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“…CTX has immunosuppressive effects and is applied as an immunosuppressant [ 84 ]. In addition, several studies reported that the injection of single doses of CTX (250–400 mg/kg) and smaller divided doses induce tolerance against ovine erythrocytes, bovine gamma globulin, and equine gamma globulin in mice [ 84 , 85 , 86 ]. To confirm the immunosuppressive properties of CTX, we assessed body weight and serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels instead of tolerance against the ovine erythrocyte test because many researchers determined the immunosuppression by measuring body weight and cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6 [ 26 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SBT (Composed of Panax ginseng and Aconitum carmichaeli) and Stigmasterol Enhances Nitric Oxide Production and Exerts Curative Properties as a Potential Anti-Oxidant and Immunity-Enhancing Agent

Han

Kim

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Immune dysregulation is a risk factor for several diseases, including infectious diseases. Immunostimulatory agents have been used for the treatment of immune dysregulation, but deleterious adverse effects have been reported. The present study aims to establish the anti-oxidant and immunity-enhancing effects of Sambu-Tang (SBT), composed of Panax ginseng and Aconitum carmichaeli, and stigmasterol (Stig), an active compound of SBT. Immune-related factors were analyzed in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, mouse primary splenocytes, and the serum and spleen of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Results showed that the production levels of nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of inducible NO synthase and heme oxygenase-1 were increased following SBT or Stig treatment in RAW264.7 cells. SBT or Stig increased the production levels of G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α and induced the activation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells. SBT or Stig promoted splenic lymphocyte proliferation and increased splenic NK cell cytotoxic activity. In addition, SBT or Stig enhanced the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-2, IL-6, or TNF-α in the serum and spleen of the immunosuppressed mice. SBT or Stig increased the superoxide dismutase activity in the spleen. Collectively, SBT and Stig possess anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory activities, so they may be considered effective natural compounds for the treatment of various symptoms caused by immune dysregulation.

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“…Extensive reports on the strong free radical scavenging potential of juice and residue of star fruit cultivated in Singapore and Indonesia have attributed its capacity to the rich procyanidin polymers and β-carotene [19]. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of star fruit leaves were evidenced through increased antibody titer values and hematological profile in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice [20]. Our earlier reports established the antioxidant potential and anticancer properties of star fruit [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity and Immunostimulatory Effect of Oligosaccharide Isolated From Averrhoa Carambola L.

Kapfo

Jb²

2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The main goals of the study were to isolate oligosaccharide as a secondary metabolite from indigenous fruit, Averrhoa carambola L. (star fruit), and analyze its anti-Helicobacter pylori and immunostimulatory potential. Methods: The oligosaccharide (S3W) isolated using adsorption chromatography was partially characterized using tandem mass spectrometry in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/electron spray ionization (APCI/ESI) positive and negative mode and nuclear magnetic resonance. The use of microtiter well method determined anti-H. pylori activity in the form of percentage inhibition of microbial growth, while the determination of the immunostimulatory potential of S3W implemented a protection of DNA, buccal cells, and macrophages against damage by oxidant and N-nitroso-N- methylurea (MNU) and percentage splenocyte proliferative potential. Results: S3W was a (1→2) β-heptaglucosaccharide with (4→6) α-branching at every second residue. APCI/ESI-positive mode showed B and A fragmentation patterns, while the negative mode showed abundance of A and C fragments. Anomeric hydrogen displayed integration values at 4.8 and 4.2 ppm indicating the presence of α-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose. The compound protected DNA from oxidant-induced fragmentation. It expressed anti-H. pyloric activity with an IC50 value of 10.71 μg/ml. At 20 μg/ml, S3W protected buccal cells and macrophages significantly from damage due to oxidants and MNU carcinogens, while >50% splenocyte proliferation was induced as compared to that of an untreated control group. Conclusion: Our studies constitute the first report on the significant immunostimulatory activity of the oligosaccharide isolated from star fruit. The study, thus, supports its application as a therapeutic potential in curbing gastric diseases caused by H. pylori.

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The ameliorative effects of Averroha carambola on humoral response to sheep erythrocytes in non-treated and cyclophosphamide-immunocompromised mice

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice

Immune-Enhancing Effects of a High Molecular Weight Fraction of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley in Macrophages and Immunosuppressed Mice

SBT (Composed of Panax ginseng and Aconitum carmichaeli) and Stigmasterol Enhances Nitric Oxide Production and Exerts Curative Properties as a Potential Anti-Oxidant and Immunity-Enhancing Agent

Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity and Immunostimulatory Effect of Oligosaccharide Isolated From Averrhoa Carambola L.

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