“…Since the concept of continuum robots was first proposed in the Amadeus deep-sea research project [ 20 , 21 ], significant progress has been made in this field [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. This paper focuses on tendon-driven ( Figure 1 (1-2a)) [ 26 , 27 ], multi-rod-driven ( Figure 1 (1-2b)) [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], and concentric tube actuation ( Figure 1 (1-2c)) [ 31 , 32 , 33 ] applied in medical continuum configurations, as well as composite continuum configurations [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] or magnetic soft robots ( Figure 1 (1-2d,e)) formed by these basic components.…”