The altar wall paintings of the catholicon “The Nativity of the Virgin”, Rila Monastery, Bulgaria: Identification of the painting materials by means of vibrational spectroscopic techniques complemented by EDX, XRD and TGA analysis

Stamboliyska, Bistra A.; Tapanov, Stefan; Velcheva, Evelina A.; Yancheva, Denitsa; Rogozherov, Marin; Glavcheva, Zornitza; Lalev, G.; Dimitrov, Momtchil

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2020.119087

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Similarly, egg has had a wide diffusion, both chronologically and geographically. It appears as the preferential medium used to create panel paintings and, especially, icons (see, e.g., Daniilia et al 2002;Bratu et al 2015;Lazidou et al 2018;Serafima et al 2019a), although there is also no lack of evidence of its use in wall paintings (Daniilia et al 2008;Malletzidou et al 2019;Stamboliyska et al 2021) and woodwork (Cardell et al 2009;Măruțoiu et al 2017).…”

Section: Binding Media and Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Gliozzo

Ionescu

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This review summarises the state-of-the-art of lead-based pigment studies, addressing their production, trade, use and possible alteration. Other issues, such as those related to the investigation and protection of artworks bearing lead-based pigments are also presented. The focus is mineralogical, as both raw materials and degradation products are mineral phases occurring in nature (except for very few cases). The minerals described are abellaite, anglesite, blixite, caledonite, challacolloite, cerussite, cotunnite, crocoite, galena, grootfonteinite, hydrocerussite, laurionite, leadhillite, litharge, macphersonite, massicot, mimetite, minium, palmierite, phosgenite, plattnerite, plumbonacrite, schulténite, scrutinyite, somersetite, susannite, vanadinite and an unnamed phase (PbMg(CO3)2). The pigments discussed are lead white, red lead, litharge, massicot, lead-tin yellow, lead-tin-antimony yellow, lead-chromate yellow and Naples yellow. An attempt is made to describe the history, technology and alteration of these pigments in the most complete manner possible, despite the topic's evident breadth. Finally, an insight into the analytical methods that can (and should) be used for accurate archaeometric investigations and a summary of key concepts conclude this review, along with a further list of references for use as a starting point for further research.

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Section: Binding Media and Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Gliozzo

Ionescu

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Characterization of XVI Century Wall Paint and Lime Mortar in the Façade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Sasso

Vicioso²,

Ruiz-Valero³

et al. 2022

Advanced Structured Materials

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Pigments — Mercury-based red (cinnabar-vermilion) and white (calomel) and their degradation products

Gliozzo

2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This article summarises the history of cinnabar, from its first uses in burials to modern oils on canvas. After a brief introduction on mercury and contamination issues, the article gets to the heart of the topic. First, mercury-based minerals significant for studying pigments, i.e. cinnabar, metacinnabar, hypercinnabar and calomel, are presented. Structural information and properties precede an overview of the geographic distribution of cinnabar deposits. The following section addresses the multiple uses of cinnabar, divided into funerary use, decorative use, lustre and Chinese lacquer production. The use of cinnabar for writing (ink), medicine and cosmetics is briefly described, and a shortlist of uncommon finds is further provided. The following section approaches inherent but less known topics such as cinnabar procurement, trade, production technology, application and alteration. An entire section is dedicated to calomel before concluding with an overview of the analytical methods for the characterisation and provenance investigation of cinnabar.

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The altar wall paintings of the catholicon “The Nativity of the Virgin”, Rila Monastery, Bulgaria: Identification of the painting materials by means of vibrational spectroscopic techniques complemented by EDX, XRD and TGA analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Pigments—Lead-based whites, reds, yellows and oranges and their alteration phases

Characterization of XVI Century Wall Paint and Lime Mortar in the Façade of the Cathedral of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Pigments — Mercury-based red (cinnabar-vermilion) and white (calomel) and their degradation products

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