The alpha-cypermethrin coated net for protecting Norway spruce wood against bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Abstract

The study estimated the efficacy of a net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used to protect Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] wood against bark beetle infestations. The inside of the net was coated with 100 mg/m2 of alpha-cypermethrin. The studies carried out in 2010 and 2011 took place in southern Poland in the Beskid Żywiecki and Beskid Sądecki mountains in P. abies stands threatened by Ips typographus (Linnaeus, 1758). The research material consisted of wood logs taken off of 70–80-year-old P. abies trees. The logs were wrapped in the net in the early spring before spring swarming of bark beetles. The unwrapped logs were considered as the study controls. An evaluation of the treatments was performed after 2 months. The evaluation was based on the counting of bark beetles galleries found after removing the bark from the wrapped and unwrapped logs. There were no insect galleries on the wrapped logs. The net was a barrier, on which bark beetles died. About 10 dead I. typographus beetles were found on 0.01 m2 of the net surface. On the bark from the unwrapped-control logs there were 3,156 galleries/entrance holes of bark beetles, in total, of which 73% belonged to I. typographus, 13% to Pityogenes chalcographus (Linnaeus, 1761), and almost 10% to Xyloterus lineatus (Oliv.). These results indicated the high efficacy of the net coated with alpha-cypermethrin used for the protection of Norway spruce wood against the bark beetles. At the same time, the net was found to have a negative effect on non-target entomofauna, mainly Hylobius spp., Thanasimus formicarius (L.), and Tetropium castaneum (F.). However, the use of a net did not affect other predatory (Carabidae) and parasitic (Ichneumonidae and Tachinidae) entomofauna.

Long‐lasting insecticide‐treated nets: A new integrated pest management approach for Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

“…Our data suggested the possible use of LLINs as part of IPM programs against the Japanese beetle, as proposed for other insect pests such as the Colorado potato beetle, plum curculio, brown marmorated stink bug, and bark beetles (Skrzecz et al ; Gökçe et al ; Sabbatini Peverieri et al , ). In fact, to date, the control methods of the Japanese beetle in Italy has mainly been based on biological control agents with soil applications against larvae (e.g., SFR Piemonte ; SFR Lombardia ).…”

“…Long‐lasting insecticide‐treated nets were proved to be effective in forest pest control against bark beetles (Wehnert and Müller ; John and Zeilhofer ; Skrzecz et al ) and are currently employed in forest protection and commercialized in some European countries. To date, in agriculture only very recent papers report experimental experiences on stink bugs (e.g., Halyomorpha halys ), aphids ( Aphis gossypii ), whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ), and coleopterans ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Conotrachelus nenuphar ) (Dáder et al ; Kuhar et al ; Sabbatini Peverieri et al , ; Gökçe et al ).…”

Long-Lasting Insecticide Netting for Protecting Tree Stems from Attack by Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

“…Insecticide-treated netting was initially designed for controlling mosquitoes [18], but has since been used for managing agricultural and forest pests [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Both the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and World Health Organization (WHO) have approved the use of treated netting for insect pest management [24,25].…”

“…Specifically, Franjević et al [24] described cypermethrin-treated netting as highly effective for preventing attacks by Xylosandrus germanus Blandford and other ambrosia beetles on fresh cut logs in Croatia, further supported in preliminary assessments by Galko et al [25] with X. germanus in Slovakia. Cypermethrin-treated netting was also highly effective at protecting logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) from attack by bark beetles in Poland [21].…”

Pine Pitch Canker and Insects: Regional Risks, Environmental Regulation, and Practical Management Options

“…These nets are made of synthetic textile fiber imbibed with insecticide (usually pyrethroids) which is applied on the surface of the trees, creating a mechanical barrier for beetles that want to colonize the logs. Because of the contact with the insecticide from the net, the beetle is intoxicated and dies very quickly [262]. The insecticide nets are also used to cover wood infested with the pine wood nematode (B. xylophilus) for transport in trucks, in order to prevent the dissemination of the nematode and of its insect vector [74].…”