The allure of Pantawid Pamilya

Raquiza, Ma. Victoria R.

doi:10.4324/9781315709215-21

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…But while he promised to combat corruption and to improve poor's people life, his actual economic policies have been merely a continuation of previous governments' neoliberal agendas and his main political strategy has been to deploy state-sponsored violence against drug users and street peddlers. His redistributive policies are based on conditional cash transfer programmes developed by IFIs which fail to address poverty in the Philippines (Raquiza 2018). Furthermore, his two flagship policies -the Comprehensive Tax Reform Program and the removal of foreign investment barriers -have drastically reduced income and corporate tax (Capuno 2020) and the removed the requisite of at least 60% of the business to be owned by a Filipino citizen (Valenton and Garcia-Vigonte 2022), respectively.…”

Section: The Neoliberal Economic Inequality Fuelling State Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…So, in the case of the Philippines, as it has been previously discussed, the implementation of structural adjustment programmes developed by the IFIs have resulted in a large part of the population facing the alternative of leaving the country to work overseas or surviving by working within the informal economy (Milgram 2018, Alipio 2019. Redistributive programmes, sponsored by IFIs, such as the 4P in the Philippines are the only strategies to alleviate poverty, but they do not address the conditions for the reproduction of income inequality (Raquiza 2018). This takes us to the second aspect to explore which is the form that coercive strategies adopt.…”

Section: Hegemony Forged Through Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The neocolonial logics underpinning the “war on drugs” in the Philippines

Ciocchini

2024

Oñati Socio-Legal Series

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The “war on drugs” in the Philippines has claimed thousands of people lives and has resulted in the detention of hundreds of thousands of drug users. Legal professionals working in criminal courts have adopted a “punitive paternalism” when dealing with these cases that presented plea bargaining, even in cases based on planted evidence, as helping defendants to change their life habits. The article argues that both the “war on drugs” and the “punitive paternalism” are rooted in the neoliberal policies imposed on the Philippines for decades responsible for reproducing gross income inequality and promoting a narrative blaming individuals for their own economic marginalisation. The analysis shows that the deployment of coercive strategies, such as the “war on drugs”, is still dependant on building consent, in the Gramscian sense. The article shows legal professionals’ contribution to the constitution of a hegemonic order in a context of widespread state-sponsored violence. La “guerra contra las drogas” en Filipinas se ha cobrado la vida de miles de personas y ha resultado en la detención de cientos de miles de consumidores de drogas. Los profesionales del derecho que trabajan en tribunales penales han adoptado un “paternalismo punitivo” al abordar estos casos en los que la negociación de culpabilidad, incluso en casos basados en pruebas plantadas, se presentaba como una ayuda a los acusados para cambiar sus hábitos de vida. El artículo sostiene que tanto la “guerra contra las drogas” como el “paternalismo punitivo” tienen sus raíces en las políticas neoliberales impuestas a Filipinas durante décadas, responsables de reproducir la enorme desigualdad de ingresos y promover una narrativa que culpa a los individuos por su propia marginación económica. El análisis muestra que el despliegue de estrategias coercitivas, como la “guerra contra las drogas”, todavía depende de la construcción del consentimiento, en el sentido gramsciano. El artículo evidencia la contribución de los profesionales del derecho a la constitución de un orden hegemónico en un contexto de violencia generalizada patrocinada por el Estado.

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Section: The Neoliberal Economic Inequality Fuelling State Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hegemony Forged Through Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

The neocolonial logics underpinning the “war on drugs” in the Philippines

Ciocchini

2024

Oñati Socio-Legal Series

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“…One possible explanation for this divergence is that Philippine development policy during its growth period circumvented labor incomes, heavily focusing instead on promoting means-tested conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs as embodied in the flagship Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. While patterned after CCT programs in Brazil and Argentina, the Philippines' localized CCT disregarded the complementarity of cash transfers to poor households and progressive incomes policies for workers (Raquiza, 2018;Dadap-Cantal, Fischer, and Ramos, 2021).…”

Section: Overview Of the Philippine Growth Period (2010-2017)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Labor flexibility in the Philippines

Joy Llagas Galunan

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Globalization intensified competitive pressures among developing economies as indiscriminate openness to trade and capital flows exposed many labor markets to greater volatility.In efforts to attract foreign capital investments, fulfill structural adjustment programs of international financial institutions and promote the interests of dominant factions of domestic capitalists, many developing economies reconfigured existing regulatory frameworks to incorporate flexible labor arrangements which are highly vulnerable to social and economic precarity.Short-term contracts and labor outsourcing have deepened structural inequalities in labor markets while obstructing access to collective bargaining, skills development, and wage growth. As such, the prevalence of labor flexibility in many countries historically excluded workers from the gains of economic growth.The institutionalization of labor flexibility in the Philippines demonstrates this historical exclusion, as GDP growth at an unprecedented rate of 6.5% from 2010 to 2017 occurred while the labor market employed 30% of the labor force in short-term and outsourced labor contracts. The study traces the development of labor flexibility in the Philippines by examining transformations in its political economy. In its globalization period from 1970 to 2010, the institutionalization of labor flexibility in the Philippines served three functions: (1) as a source of competitive advantage in the quest for foreign capital investments on the national level, (2) as a local labor control regime for key developing regions on the subnational level, and (3) as an available adjustment apparatus for economic sectors with externally-sourced demand.For the growth period of 2010 to 2017, the further entrenchment of these functions is examined within the context of services-led growth. The study demonstrates that increased employment and productivity in services sectors with high rates of growth, i.e. retail trade, business processing, and real estate sectors entailed the employment of more workers under precarious short-term and outsourced contracts with persistently unequal and stagnant wage growth. Thus, the study challenges neoclassical and new institutionalist claims that growth from integration and economic upgrading will generally translate into better working conditions.

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The Philippines

Thompson

2023

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This Element explores how in the Philippines a 'whiggish' narrative of democracy and good governance triumphing over dictatorship and kleptocracy after the 'people power' uprising against Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1986 was upended by strongman Rodrigo R. Duterte three decades later. Portraying his father's authoritarian rule as a 'golden age,' Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. succeeded Duterte by easily winning the 2022 presidential election, suggesting democratic backsliding will persist. A structuralist account of the inherent instability of the country's oligarchical democracy offers a plausible explanation of repeated crises but underplays agency. Strategic groups have pushed back against executive aggrandizement. Offering a 'structuration' perspective, presidential power and elite pushback are examined as is the reliance on political violence and the instrumentalization of mass poverty. These factors have recurrently combined to lead to the fall, restoration, and now steep decline of democracy in the Philippines.

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The allure of Pantawid Pamilya

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The neocolonial logics underpinning the “war on drugs” in the Philippines

The neocolonial logics underpinning the “war on drugs” in the Philippines

Labor flexibility in the Philippines

The Philippines

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