The Allometry of Growth and Reproduction

Reiß, Michael

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511608483

Cited by 563 publications

(387 citation statements)

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“…In uncontrolled three-dimensional growth, lacunarity does not exist, unlike in fractal growth patterns. The role of respiration in controlling the size of a plant, not the other way around as conventionally argued in allometry (Reiss, 1989), is consistent with the observations on the enhanced yield in crop plants due to total leaf area/ biomass (Shipley and Vu T-T, 2002) and not photosynthetic efficiency per unit leaf area (Richards, 2000). The replacement of volume (which incorporates the lacunarity) with mass and, respiration as the basis of differential growth dynamics rather than the result of growth, have important consequences in understanding allometric behaviour of plants.…”

Section: The Role Of Budding and Branchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration hastens maturation and lowers yield in rice

Sitaramam

Bhate

Kamalraj

et al. 2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Role of respiration in plant growth remains an enigma. Growth of meristematic cells, which are not photosynthetic, is entirely driven by endogenous respiration. Does respiration determine growth and size or does it merely burn off the carbon depleting the biomass? We show here that respiration of the germinating rice seed, which is contributed largely by the meristematic cells of the embryo, quantitatively correlates with the dynamics of much of plant growth, starting with the time for germination to the time for flowering and yield. Seed respiration appears to define the quantitative phenotype that contributes to yield via growth dynamics that could be discerned even in commercial varieties, which are biased towards higher yield, despite considerable susceptibility of the dynamics to environmental perturbations. Intrinsic variation, irreducible despite stringent growth conditions, required independent validation of relevant physiological variables both by critical sampling design and by constructing dendrograms for the interrelationships between variables that yield high consensus. More importantly, seed respiration, by mediating the generation clock time via variable time for maturation as seen in rice, directly offers the plausible basis for the phenotypic variation, a major ecological stratagem in a variable environment with uncertain water availability. Faster respiring rice plants appear to complete growth dynamics sooner, mature faster, resulting in a smaller plant with lower yield. Counter to the common allometric views, respiration appears to determine size in the rice plant, and offers a valid physiological means, within the limits of intrinsic variation, to help parental selection in breeding.

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Section: The Role Of Budding and Branchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiration hastens maturation and lowers yield in rice

Sitaramam

Bhate

Kamalraj

et al. 2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…Therefore, evaluating morphological, behavioural, and reproductive traits of male and female bees in response to the climate within apiaries, is also important when selecting for queens. Morphological traits such as body size and a bee's reproductive performance are often linked and subject to environmental factors (Reiss, 1989). If the bee is a queen, any change in body weight can irrevocably alter her egg laying capacity (Harbo, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera Carnica, Pollman 1879) Queens Reared in Slovenian Commercial Breeding Stations

Gregorc

Škerl

2015

Journal of Apicultural Science

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A b s t r a c t In this three-year-trial study, we examined the quality of mated queens based on morphological and physiology traits. At each location, sister queen bees were reared each year from one Apis mellifera carnica breeder queen. Queens were also reared and mated in different locations. Altogether, we sampled and analysed 324 queens from 27 apiaries in 2006, 288 queens from 24 apiaries in 2008, and 276 queens from 23 apiaries in 2010. Nine queens from each apiary were sampled and dissected for morphological analyses and Nosema ceranae (N. ceranae) spores, if present, were quantified. Three queens from each apiary were prepared and tested for four viruses: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). The highest average queen weight of 209.49 ± 9.82 mg was detected in 2008. The highest average ovary weight of 78.67 ± 11.86 mg was detected in 2010, and the highest number of ovarioles was 161.59 ± 8.70 in 2006. The average number of spermatozoa in queens ranged from 3.30 x 10 6 in 2006 to 5.23 x 10 6 in 2010. Nosema ceranae spores were found in queens sampled in 2008 and 2010. Viruses were discovered sporadically during the queen testing periods from 2006 -2010. This study importantly demonstrates that queens from rearing stations require regular evaluation for morphological and physiological changes as well as for infection from harmful pathogens. These results could also be used in establishing relevant commercial standards for rearing quality queens. Keywords: bee virus, Nosema spp., ovariole, ovary, queen rearing, spermatheca.Agricultural institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia INTRODUCTIONThe Carniolan honeybee bee, Apis mellifera carnica Pollman 1879, is an indigenous subspecies and has been preserved in all the five geographic areas of Slovenia: Prekmurje, Štajerska, Gorenjska, Dolenjska, and the Central Region. Queen producers annually test the performance of selected colonies for queen evaluation and for further breeding. The aims of queen breeding in Slovenia are to both preserve native wildtype strains and to maintain desirable honeybee traits. However, various environmental factors can affect the quality of queen bees; for example, the rearing season and weather can alter the queens' development rate (Mahbobi et al., 2012). Therefore, evaluating morphological, behavioural, and reproductive traits of male and female bees in response to the climate within apiaries, is also important when selecting for queens. Morphological traits such as body size and a bee's reproductive performance are often linked and subject to environmental factors (Reiss, 1989). If the bee is a queen, any change in body weight can irrevocably alter her egg laying capacity (Harbo, 1986). Heavier queens have more ovarioles and larger spermathecae that are capable of holding more sperm (Woyke, 1971;Szabo, 1973;Eid et al., 1980). Even large queens may lose reproductive fitness when afflicted with pathogens and parasites. The mi...

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“…The differential equation associated with equation (7) does not have an analytic solution for all powers of (P/a). Values for the powers of (P/a) for which analytic solutions exist, together with the solutions, are published in Reiss (1989). For example, for X 1 Z 5 1 the solution of equation (7) is…”

Section: Protein Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A family of protein growth curves with extension to other chemical body components together with application to animal nutrition and improvement

Roux

2011

Animal

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Theory that successfully explains the magnitude and range of estimates of protein retention (PR) efficiency from the cost of turnover of existing protein indicates that conventional curves for growth description are inappropriate for protein growth. A solution to this problem is found in the consideration that the rate-limiting steps for protein synthesis (PS) and breakdown are likely to be associated with the diffusion of metabolites in and between cells. The algebraic scaling of nuclear and cellular diffusion capacity with tissue or total body protein leads to a parameterization of the primal differential equation for PR (kg/day) based on two terms representing PS and breakdown, viz.where c is an arbitrary constant, Q is the proportion of nuclei active in cell growth or division in a tissue or the whole body, a is the limit mass for protein (P, kg) in a tissue or the whole body, the power X 1 Z represents the rate-limiting steps in protein breakdown and Y is the power of the relationship between cell volume and the amount of tissue protein. For the whole body, the contribution of the different tissues should be weighted in proportion to their PS rates with, on average, Y 5 1/2. The constant 4/9 arises from the scaling of the specific diffusion rate of DNA activator precursors from nuclear dimensions and from the relationship between nuclear and cell volume. Experimental evidence on protein breakdown rate as well as protein and body mass points of inflection indicates that the range of theoretically possible numerical values of the rate-limiting powers X 1 Z 5 ( i 1 3)/9 for i 5 1, 2, y ,12 seems adequate for the description of the range of observed whole body protein and body mass growth patterns for mammals. Q 5 1 represents maximal protein retention, and for 0 , Q , 1, experimental evidence exists in support of a theoretical relationship between Q and food ingestion. The conclusion follows that some knowledge of the protein limit mass (a) and of the point of inflection (related to X 1 Z) is the main requirement for the application of the theory for description and prediction in animal nutrition and breeding.

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The Allometry of Growth and Reproduction

Cited by 563 publications

References 0 publications

Respiration hastens maturation and lowers yield in rice

Respiration hastens maturation and lowers yield in rice

Characteristics of Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera Carnica, Pollman 1879) Queens Reared in Slovenian Commercial Breeding Stations

A family of protein growth curves with extension to other chemical body components together with application to animal nutrition and improvement

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