The Allelopathic Potential of <i>Conocarpus lancifolius</i> (Engl.) Leaves on Dicot (<i>Vigna sinensis</i> L.), Monocot (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and Soil-Borne Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract

Aqueous leaf extract and pulverized leaf tissue were tested for allelopathic effects on seed germination, seedling growth traits and net photosynthesis of corn (Zea mays L.) and bean (Vigna sinensis L.) The chemical constituents of the leaf extract were determined by GC-MS and the efficacy of the leaf extract to control some soil-borne fungal pathogens was also evaluated. The leaf extract inhibited germination, radicle and plumule lengths, root and shoot growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and nutrient uptake in both crops. In corn and bean plants growth inhibition was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts (2.5%-7.5%). Seed germination was associated with water uptake and the solute potential of the extracts. Leaf extracts also reduced of chlorophyll content, and stressed photosynthetic function by reducing photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) of PS II in corn and bean plants. Corn was more tolerant to the leaf extract than bean plants. The GC-MS analysis detected thirty one and thirty three compounds in winter and summer leaf extracts, respectively. The majority was phenolic compounds. Mycelia growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicon, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Rhizoctonia solani was inhibited and in 10% extract the fungi died. The extract however, had no effect on Trichoderma harzianum. Leaf extract of C. lancifolius exhibited both herbicidal and fungicidal properties but cannot be recommended for biological control of soil borne fungal plant pathogens because it has the potential to physiologically stress or damage cultivated plants or crops.

Allelopathic Potentiality of Euphorbia hypericifolia L. on Germination and Seedling Development of Sympatric Crops and Weeds

“…2). Seeds were first surface-sterilised for two minutes in 90% ethanol and then for five minutes in 2.0% sodium hypochloride (NaOCl), before rigorous sterile distilled water rinsing for use in each of the experiments [37]. ).…”

Target screening of plant secondary metabolites in river waters by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS)

“…Plants produce toxic PSMs particularly under environmental stress and release these compounds to the environment through various means such as root exudates, volatilization and animal contact as part of their defence mechanism [2,4,10,26]. Previous research demonstrated their pharmacological effect and toxicity by isolating them from plants [3,42] and their contribution to mixture toxic risk in river water [5,34].…”

Inhibition of some aquatic and aromatic plants extracts on fungal infection on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its eggs

“…Prant's oak (oak fruit peel) contains resins, tannins, alkaloids and volatile oils, including pinene, fenchone, thujone, thujin, pinipicrine, thione and quercetin (Akbar et al, 2011;Al-Mayah, 2013). The leaves of the damas contain many phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoides (Tilney, 2002;Al-Shatti et al, 2014).…”