The Alkanol-Ammonia-Water/Hexane Treatment of Canola

1997

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

The equilibrium relationships in the extraction process that was developed in our research laboratory for the treatment of canola were studied. In the process, hexane is used as well as CH 3 OH that contains 5% (vol/vol) H 2 O and 0.08% (w/w) NaOH to simultaneously produce improved meal and high-quality oil. Equilibrium data for canola oil in the hexane-CH 3 OH/H 2 O/NaOH, meal-hexane, and meal-CH 3 OH/H 2 O/NaOH-hexane systems are reported. A high partition coefficient for oil between hexane and the polar phase provided a large driving force for mass transfer. The presence of the CH 3 OH phase improved oil extraction, probably by rupturing the cell structure. The process proved to be a somewhat less desirable replacement for CH 3 OH/H 2 O/NH 3 extraction and recovered 93.5% of the oil and 91.8% of the protein in the seed, while with CH 3 OH/H 2 O/NH 3 , the oil and protein recoveries were 96.8 and 94.0%, respectively. The NaOH treatment removed only 50.2% of the glucosinolates, and some of the oil was hydrolyzed by the NaOH, making the process less effective, despite its simplicity. JAOCS 74, 207-214 (1997).Conventional processing of rapeseed involves mechanical pressing and solvent extraction to separate the oil and meal. Our laboratory developed a novel two-phase solvent extraction system for the treatment of canola to produce an improved meal and to simultaneously extract a high-quality oil.(1,2). The process uses 10% (w/w) NH 3 in 95/5% (vol/vol) CH 3 OH/H 2 O as a polar phase and hexane as a nonpolar phase. A recent modification of the process involves the use of 0.08% (w/w) NaOH, as a replacement for NH 3 , in CH 3 OH/H 2 O (3). With the aim of providing a better understanding of the mechanism of oil extraction with NaOH in our process, equilibrium experiments in two-and three-phase systems were carried out. Equilibrium data are invaluable in determining extraction efficiencies and designing continuous extraction columns. Then, NH 3 and NaOH in our two-phase solvent extraction process were compared in terms of their overall effectiveness. The oil, meal and gum (solids dissolved in the methanol phase) mass distribution, oil and protein recoveries, and glucosinolate removal were determined.

“…3): [2] where Y = (g oil/g hexane) · 100 and X = (g oil/g oil-free meal) · 100. The results fit the equation with a regression coefficient r 2 = 0.989.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐phase solvent extraction of canola

Thobani

1997

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

“…Canola meal was prepared from the seed by solvent grinding in methanol/ammonia/water using a Szego mill and then extracting the meal with hexane, according to the method of Rubin et al (1986). The meal contained about 45% protein.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Canola Meals, and Applications to Packaging

Journal of Food Science

Rizvi

Cai

et al. 1996

Self Cite

Moisture sorption isotherms were determined for defatted canola meal at 16, 22, and 34ЊC. The isotherms were fitted to the Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) sorption equation. This equation was then used to develop a packaging model that predicted the changes of moisture content of canola meal under stated environmental and packaging conditions. The model was tested using Melinex 813 (12 µm) and Propafilm C (28 µm) packaging films at 86% relative humidity and 23ЊC. The GAB equation provided a good fit to experimental data (Ͻ3% RMS). The monolayer moisture content of the meal was 9.5%. The enthalpy of sorption of the monolayer at 22ЊC was 84.61 KJ/mol. The model predicted the time required by packaged canola to attain a selected moisture content ‫5.0ע‬ days.

“…Some Westar seed was dehulled by Dr. Schneider at the University of Essen (Essen, West Germany) using his patented dehulling process (Schneider, 1979). This canola seed was defatted in our laboratory, and then desolventized at low temperature to produce four batches of meals by either the conventional hexane extraction method or the methanol-ammonia method developed in our laboratory (Rubin et al, 1986). A 2-L Waring Blendor was used for small-scale meal preparations, while for pilot-scale meal preparations a novel orbital mill, the &ego mill (Model SM-160-l; General Comminution Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada), was used.…”

Section: Preparation Of Starting Mealmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Canola Protein Materials by Alkaline Extraction, Precipitation, and Membrane Processing

Tzeng

Journal of Food Science

Rubin

1990

101

A process designed for the characteristics of rapeseed and canola proteins was developed, consisting of extraction of oil-free meal at pH 10.5-12.5, isoelectric precipitation to recover proteins and ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration to concentrate and purify the remaining acid-soluble proteins. These steps complement one another to yield three products with excellent protein recovexy. Isoelectric and soluble protein isolates containing 87-104% protein (N x 6.25) and a meal residue were obtained from canola meal. All five types of fractions were free of glucosinolates. The two isolates were low in phytate, light in color, and bland in taste. The isolate yield depended on the starting meal. The process is simple and has good potential for commercial application.