The Alimentary System

Barker, Ian K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391606-8.50009-0

Cited by 227 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 1,089 publications

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“…Often, no Negri bodies were seen in HEstained sections, but they could be visualized by the ABC technique (Table 1, Figs. 5,6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 The immunohistochemical staining was performed as previously described. 6 Sections were heated at 55 C to melt the paraffin, deparaffinized in xylol, hydrated through graded ethanols, and digested with pronase (2.5 µg/ml) for 30 min. Sections were then rinsed in Tween with phosphate-buffered saline, and endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by 3% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 20 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] For the latter, a mixture of three different 3) against the nucleocapsid antigen of rabies virus was used. [7][8][9]19 Primary antibodies (ascitic fluids) were prepared as described previously.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathologic Variation in Raccoons Infected with Different Street Rabies Virus Isolates

1996

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Abstract. Ten raccoons were divided into two random groups (groups 1 and 2) of five animals each. Group 1 raccoons were inoculated intramuscularly in the masseter muscle with a raccoon rabies virus isolate obtained from a natural case of raccoon rabies from the northeastern USA. Group 2 raccoons were infected by a similar route with a Latin American canine isolate of rabies virus. Raccoons either died suddenly or developed neurologic signs compatible with rabies. Clinical signs of rabies in group 1 raccoons were more severe than in group 2. Raccoons in group 1 either died acutely or were euthanized within 25 days ( ± SD = 20.6 ± 2.7 days) postinfection, whereas all group 2 raccoons showed neurologic signs and were euthanized within 17 days (14.2 ± 2.2 days) postinfection. Light microscopic findings revealed extensive nonsuppurative encephalitis predominantly located in the cerebrum and brain stem of raccoons in group 1, whereas in group 2 raccoons the lesions were confined to the brain stem regions. In group 1 raccoons, Negri bodies were commonly seen on hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections of brain and in ganglion cells of 5 other tissues (trigeminal nerve, salivary glands, duodenum, pancreas, adrenal gland). Negri bodies, however, were either absent or were only occasionally observed in corresponding tissues of raccoons infected with the canine strain (group 2). Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were also examined for Negri bodies by an immunoperoxidase test, which revealed results similar to the HE findings. Results of this study are compared with histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in raccoons naturally infected with rabies.A major rabies epizootic is currently in progress neuronal and in nonneuronal organs. 9 These different among raccoons in the eastern USA. 18 In response to morphologic presentations by 2 unrelated isolates of this outbreak, an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-rabies virus prompted us to further investigate this RG) recombinant virus vaccine has been developed. phenomenon. In vaccinated raccoons, the V-RG vaccine produces protective immunity for at least 6 months. 22 To date the vaccine has been field tested for raccoons in 5 northeastern states 21 and Florida and for coyotes in Texas.During experimental evaluation of the V-RG vaccine, nonvaccinated control raccoons that succumbed to rabies infection had histopathologic changes confined to the brain stem, 22 whereas naturally infected rabid raccoons from the eastern rabies enzootic area had microscopic lesions that were distributed predominantly in the cerebrum. 9 Similarly, in the experimental raccoons, there was a paucity of Negri bodies within neurons, whereas in the naturally exposed raccoons there were numerous Negri bodies present within both Received for publication March 16, 1995. This investigation documents clinicopathologic findings in raccoons that were experimentally infected with a raccoon or a canine rabies isolate. The study also enabled a comparison of neuropathologic changes (including imm...

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“…Often, no Negri bodies were seen in HEstained sections, but they could be visualized by the ABC technique (Table 1, Figs. 5,6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathologic Variation in Raccoons Infected with Different Street Rabies Virus Isolates

1996

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“…Tonsils are probably the portal of entry of EMCV, as frequently happens in several other infections such as asymptomatic carriers infected with picornavirus and calicivirus. Tonsils are also the preferred organs of viral persistence [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis experimental infection in young piglets: a potential animal model to study viral myocarditis

et al. 2006

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-The pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) due to the EMC virus (EMCV) was studied in 24 piglets oro-nasally infected with the field isolate B279/95. Two pigs were kept as negative controls and were euthanised at hour 0. The remaining 24 were euthanised every 6 h up to 78-h post infection (hpi). Virus isolation, histological examination and EMCV immunodetection were performed on the spleen, intestine, pancreas, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, lymph nodes, tonsils and brain. EMCV was isolated at 6-hpi from the intestine and lymph nodes and at 12-hpi from the heart. From 6 to 12-hpi, scattered degenerate myocardiocytes were immunolabelled. Subsequently, myocarditis developed and progressively worsened. Immunopositive reaction in tonsil macrophages, observed in the early stage of infection (6-hpi), suggests that tonsils are the portal of entry, and by mean of wandering macrophages the EMC virus is then distributed through the body. Afterwards, EMCV-B279/95 replicates intensively in the cytoplasm of myocardiocytes and the acute myocarditis is strictly related to the tropism of these cells. Four pigs died spontaneously. In three animals no post mortem lesions or virus were isolated/detected, although all of them showed mild myocarditis. The experimental infection with EMCV B279/95 indicates: (i) the experimental protocol mimics the individual variability observed in natural disease, (ii) tonsils are the portal of entry of infection and the heart is the target organ, (iii) EMCV provides a valuable animal model for comparative studies on progressive viral myocarditis. encephalomyocarditis virus-EMCV / swine / myocarditis / immunohistochemistry

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“…The three arctic foxes had lesions compatible with acute disseminated toxoplasmosis (Barker and Van Dreumel, 1985). Histology revealed multifocal to coalescing necrotizing hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia with scattered necrosis, and multifocal meningitis and/or gliosis, with numerous tachyzoites associated with the lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute toxoplasmosis in three wild arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from Svalbard; one with co-infections of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 2b

Sorensen¹,

Mørk²,

Sigurðardóttir

et al. 2005

Research in Veterinary Science

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Acute disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in three wild arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) that were found dead in the same locality on Svalbard (Norway). The animals included one adult female and two 4-months-old pups. The adult fox was severely jaundiced. Necropsy revealed multifocal, acute, necrotizing hepatitis, acute interstitial pneumonia, and scattered foci of brain gliosis, often associated with Toxoplasma tachyzoites. One pup also had Toxoplasma-associated meningitis. In addition, the latter animal was infected with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 2b and Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 1 (PT1), which may have contributed to the severity of the Toxoplasma infection in this animal. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry and detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum of all foxes. The animals were negative for Neospora caninum, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, and rabies virus on immunolabelling of tissue sections and smears.

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The Alimentary System

Cited by 227 publications

References 1,089 publications

Clinicopathologic Variation in Raccoons Infected with Different Street Rabies Virus Isolates

Clinicopathologic Variation in Raccoons Infected with Different Street Rabies Virus Isolates

Pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis experimental infection in young piglets: a potential animal model to study viral myocarditis

Acute toxoplasmosis in three wild arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) from Svalbard; one with co-infections of Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype 2b

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