The algal vegetation in the outer part of Isfjorden, Spitsbergen: revisiting Per Svendsen's sites 50 years later

Fredriksen, Stein; Kile, Maia Røst

doi:10.3402/polar.v31i0.17538

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Our A. nodosum results are in accord with trends reported for other sub-arctic littoral macroalgal communities in response to arctic warming (Weslawski et al 2010; Fredriksen and Kile 2012; Fredriksen et al 2014). Our results also agree with reported trends for sub-arctic subtidal macroalgal communities of increased cover and diversity in Svalbard fjords from 1980 to 2003 (Beuchel et al 2006) and from 1980 to 2010 (Kortsch et al 2012), increased macroalgal biomass in other Svalbard fjords over the period 1996–2013 (Bartsch et al 2016) and increased growth of kelp in response to reduced sea ice cover in North East Greenland over the period 1999–2011 (Krause-Jensen et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Yet, climate change impacts on arctic macroalgal communities remain largely unexplored, despite knowledge about macroalgal responses to climate change being particularly relevant for forecasting the future functioning of coastal arctic ecosystems (Krause-Jensen and Duarte 2014). A major limiting factor is the sparsity of long-term datasets on arctic benthic vegetation, which are limited to scattered information from Svalbard fjords (Weslawski et al 2010; Fredriksen and Kile 2012; Fredriksen et al 2014; Kortsch et al 2012; Bartsch et al 2016), Greenland coasts (Krause-Jensen et al 2012; Olesen et al 2015) and Canadian coasts (Merzouk and Johnson 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change stimulates the growth of the intertidal macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum near the northern distribution limit

Marbà

Olesen

Christensen

et al. 2017

Ambio

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Ascophyllum nodosum is a foundation macroalgae of the intertidal zone that distributes across latitude 41.3–69.7°N. We tested the hypothesis that growth of A. nodosum near the northern distribution edge increases with warming. We retrospectively quantified the growth of eight A. nodosum populations at West Greenland and North Norway (from 64°N to 69°N). For seven populations, we measured growth rates since 1997–2002 and for one of them we extended the time series back to 1956 using published estimates. Individuals at northern populations elongated between 2.0 and 9.1 cm year−1 and this variability correlated with temperature and annual ice-free days. A spatial comparison of A. nodosum growth across the species distribution range showed that Northern (and coldest) populations grew at the slowest rates. Our results demonstrate that arctic climate change enhances the growth of A. nodosum populations and suggest that their productivity may increase in response to projected global warming.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0873-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change stimulates the growth of the intertidal macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum near the northern distribution limit

Marbà

Olesen

Christensen

et al. 2017

Ambio

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“…and Copepoda) were collected with a WP2 net (0.25 m 2 opening, mesh size 180 µm), sorted, and frozen. Although the marine benthic algal vegetation around Spitsbergen is not well known, Fredriksen and Kile (2012) have recently documented 83 algal taxa in Isfjorden, and a dense kelp community (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, and Saccharina latissima) on the south side of the fjord. Ten species/groups of macroalgae were collected by hand, or by using a triangular dredge or an algal rake (Station ISF12-1 and ISF12-2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroalgal detritus and food-web subsidies along an Arctic fjord depth-gradient

et al. 2015

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Tight coupling between pelagic and benthic communities is accepted as a general principle on Arctic shelves. Whereas this paradigm has been useful for guiding ecological research, it has perhaps led to a disproportionate focus on POM and ice algae as the most likely sources of carbon for the benthic food web. Arctic shelves are complex systems, including banks, fjords, and trough systems up to 350 m or more in depth. In this stable-isotope study, 13 different potential carbon sources were analyzed for their contribution to the food-webs of Isfjorden, Svalbard. A mixing model with herbivorous copepods and grazing sea urchins as end-members was applied to determine the relative contributions of the most likely carbon sources to pelagic and benthic taxa. Most taxa from the benthos feed on a broad mixture of POM and macroalgal detritus, even at depths down to 410 m. Most suspension-feeding bivalves had isotopic signals consistent with more than a 50% contribution from kelps and rockweeds. In contrast, nearly all pelagic species had diets consistent with an overwhelming contribution of pelagic POM. These results indicate that macroalgal detritus can contribute significantly to near-shore Arctic food-webs, a trophic link that may increase if macroalgae increase in the Arctic as predicted. These weaker quantitative links between pelagic and benthic components of coastal systems highlight the need for thorough sampling of potential carbon-baselines in food-web studies. A large detrital-carbon component in diets of Arctic benthos may dampen the impacts of strong seasonality in polar primary producers, leading to higher ecosystem resilience, but may also result in lower secondary productivity.Keywords: mixing model, particulate organic carbon, pelagic-benthic coupling, stable isotope, suspension feeder, Svalbard Introduction Food-web structure is a key ecosystem characteristic, describing energy flow, ecological interactions, and strength of linkages within the community (Peterson and Fry, 1987;Michener et al., 2007;Boecklen et al., 2011). This information can be used to assess ecosystem stability over seasonal and multi-annual time scales (McMeans et al., 2013;Krumhansl et al., 2014), and the potential response to extrinsic changes in the system due to climatic change, distributional shifts in key taxa, and other natural or human-induced changes. The relative Renaud et al. Macroalgal detritus and food-web structure importance of different potential food sources and the pathways of energy flow across whole communities, however, remain poorly understood in Arctic coastal environments (but see Kędra et al., 2012;McMeans et al., 2013). Coastal areas of the Arctic are likely to be the first to be impacted by predicted system change (Weslawski et al., 2010;Krause-Jensen et al., 2012; Renaud et al., in press), and understanding current foodweb properties provides the necessary baseline for predicting ecosystem functioning in a future Arctic.The prevailing paradigm concerning most shelf ecosystems throughout the Arctic is tha...

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“…Using the revised species totals from this study one can calculate the indices for the Keret Archipelago and other subarctic areas (Table 3). While the species richness is comparatively low and similar to Spitsbergen (Fredriksen and Kile 2012) the Feldmann and Cheney indices are at least 100% greater for the Keret Archipelago. The values for the Keret flora is even higher than that of Digby Neck in Nova Scotia, a clearly temperate climatic area that has at least double the species richness in an equivalent geographic area as the Keret Archipelago.…”

Section: Flowering Plantsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Marine macroalgae and associated flowering plants from the Keret Archipelago, White Sea, Russia

Garbary¹,

Tarakhovskaya²

2013

ALGAE

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The marine algal flora of the Keret Archipelago (66° N, 33° E) in the White Sea, Russia was investigated during 2008. Over 250 algal records from more than 15 islands and several sites on the adjoining mainland produced a total of 62 algal species. This raised the total from 56 to 88 species of Chlorophyta (23 species), Phaeophyceae (31 species), Rhodophyta (33 species), and Tribophyceae (1 species) of which seven were new records or verifications of ambiguous records for the White Sea and 11 species are new for the Keret Archipelago. The new or confirmed records included species of Blidingia, Eugomontia, Prasiola, Rosenvingiella, and Ulothrix (Chlorophyta), Acrochaetium, Colaconema (Rhodophyta), and Vaucheria (Tribophyceae). Five species of flowering plants (Aster, Plantago, Triglochin, and Zostera) were associated with the macrophytic algal vegetation of the region. Five fucoid algae in Pelvetia, Fucus, and Ascophyllum provide a picture of a temperate flora. Regardless, the overall species richness is consistent with an arctic nature to the flora. This discrepancy is attributed to the 'filter' provided by the Barents Sea of the Arctic Ocean for post-glacial colonization of the White Sea.

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The algal vegetation in the outer part of Isfjorden, Spitsbergen: revisiting Per Svendsen's sites 50 years later

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Climate change stimulates the growth of the intertidal macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum near the northern distribution limit

Climate change stimulates the growth of the intertidal macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum near the northern distribution limit

Macroalgal detritus and food-web subsidies along an Arctic fjord depth-gradient

Marine macroalgae and associated flowering plants from the Keret Archipelago, White Sea, Russia

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