The alerting pheromones of the honeybee

Free, J. B.; Simpson, J.

doi:10.1007/bf00428008

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…When applied on corks at the hive entrance, it elicits defensive behaviour in guard bees (Shearer and Boch, 1965). Similarly, other studies found that it causes agitation in young cagereared bees (Table 1) (Collins and Blum, 1982), that it increases sensitivity (measured by the sting extension) to electric shocks (Balderrama et al, 2002) and that bees preferentially attack a ball treated with 2-heptanone over a control one (Free and Simpson, 1968). However, the dose of 2-heptanone required is 20 to 70 times larger than the dose of IAA necessary to trigger similar behaviours (Balderrama et al, 2002;Boch et al, 1970).…”

Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Although honeybees react strongly to IAA, this odorant does not account on its own for the full response observed with sting extracts (Boch et al, 1962;Free and Simpson, 1968). A second compound present in similar quantities was later identified: (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol.…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the dose of 2-heptanone required is 20 to 70 times larger than the dose of IAA necessary to trigger similar behaviours (Balderrama et al, 2002;Boch et al, 1970). Only one study found that 2-heptanone and IAA had similar efficiency: when presented simultaneously on two moving balls, the bees did not attack either one preferentially (Free and Simpson, 1968). In fact, in some studies, 2-heptanone acts as a repellent or does not elicit any reaction from the guard bees (Butler, 1966;Papachristoforou et al, 2012;Vallet et al, 1991).…”

Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The defensive response of the honeybee Apis mellifera

Nouvian

Reinhard

Giurfa

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are insects living in colonies with a complex social organization. Their nest contains food stores in the form of honey and pollen, as well as the brood, the queen and the bees themselves. These resources have to be defended against a wide range of predators and parasites, a task that is performed by specialized workers, called guard bees. Guards tune their response to both the nature of the threat and the environmental conditions, in order to achieve an efficient trade-off between defence and loss of foraging workforce. By releasing alarm pheromones, they are able to recruit other bees to help them handle large predators. These chemicals trigger both rapid and longer-term changes in the behaviour of nearby bees, thus priming them for defence. Here, we review our current understanding on how this sequence of events is performed and regulated depending on a variety of factors that are both extrinsic and intrinsic to the colony. We present our current knowledge on the neural bases of honeybee aggression and highlight research avenues for future studies in this area. We present a brief overview of the techniques used to study honeybee aggression, and discuss how these could be used to gain further insights into the mechanisms of this behaviour.

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Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The defensive response of the honeybee Apis mellifera

Nouvian

Reinhard

Giurfa

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Nevertheless, recent experiments by Giurfa on Africanized honeybees (unpublished results) and of Vallet et al (1991) indicate that 2-heptanone could be involved in the scent-marking of depleted flowers. Two functions were originally attributed to this substance produced by the mandibular glands of workers: alarm (Maschwitz, 1964;Shearer and Boch, 1965) and release of stinging behavior (Free and Simpson, 1968). Interestingly, the level of 2-heptanone reaches its peak in foragers rather than in guard bees (Simpson, 1961;Boch and Shearer, 1967;Crewe and Hastings, 1976;Vallet et al, 1991), a fact that could indicate that 2-heptanone is more closely related to the repellent scent-marking by honeybees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The repellent scent-mark of the honeybeeApis mellifera tigustica and its role as communication cue during foraging

Giurfa

1993

Ins. Soc

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“…This activity results in the recruitment of additional bees to respond to the threat, which leads to an increase in isoamyl acetate released by the bees (Free and Simpson 1968). Roelofs (1984) demonstrated that an increase in stimulus concentration of isoamyl acetate correlates to increased amplitude of EAG responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical manipulation of honey bee behavior

Larson¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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The loss of managed honey bee colonies, resulting from their unintentional exposure to pesticides, is a topic of concern for the agricultural and apicultural industry. Current methods for reducing pesticide exposure to bees involve the application of pesticides before crop bloom or in the evening when foraging bees are less likely to be exposed to these applications. There is an urgent need for additional protection procedures to reduce the annual losses of managed bee colonies. Another method for protecting these pollinators is the use of chemical deterrents to reduce the interaction times of foraging bees with pesticide-treated crops. Historically, insect repellents (IRs) have been used to prevent the spread of deadly human diseases by arthropod vectors. However, it has been shown that bees can be repelled from pesticide-treated crops using DEET and bee pheromonal compounds. Here, I report the toxicological and deterrent effects of bee pheromonal compounds, as well as the deterrent effects of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) on bees. The results of this study indicate that the bee pheromonal compounds, at 8, 20, 60 and 100% concentrations, are toxic to bees and inhibit the feeding of bees within a confined space. Additionally, the pheromonal compounds and the HCAs are as efficacious as DEET in deterring bees from treated food sources.The HCA piperidine, was observed to effectively deter bee foragers from a sugar feeder in a hightunnel experiment as well as from melon flowers and knapweed in field experiments.Electroantennogram recordings were conducted to verify an olfactory response of the bees to the tested compounds. Pheromonal compounds were readily detected by bee antennae; whereas, the HCAs did not elicit significant responses in the bee antennae. These data suggest that bee pheromonal compounds, as well as HCAs, may serve as candidates for the further investigation as repellents to protect bees from unintentional pesticide exposures. Chemical Manipulation of Honey Bee Behavior Nicholas R. Larson GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACTThe loss of managed honey bee colonies, resulting from their unintentional exposure to pesticides, is a topic of concern for the agricultural and apicultural industry. Current methods for reducing pesticide exposures to bees involve the application of pesticides before crop bloom or in the evening when foraging bees are less likely to be exposed to these applications. There is an urgent need for additional protection procedures to reduce the annual losses of managed bee colonies.One method for protecting these pollinators is use of chemical deterrents to reduce the interaction times of foraging bees with pesticide-treated crops. Insect repellents (IRs) primarily have been used for biting and blood-feeding arthropod pests. However, it has been shown that bees can be repelled from pesticide-treated crops using DEET and bee pheromonal compounds. Here, I report the toxicological and deterrent effects of bee pheromonal compounds as well as the deterrent effects of heterocyclic amines (HCAs)...

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The alerting pheromones of the honeybee

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

The defensive response of the honeybee Apis mellifera

The defensive response of the honeybee Apis mellifera

The repellent scent-mark of the honeybeeApis mellifera tigustica and its role as communication cue during foraging

Chemical manipulation of honey bee behavior

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