The alcoholics in treatment HIV risk (ATRISK) study: gender, ethnic and geographic group comparisons.

Screening for sexually transmitted infections in substance abuse treatment programs

“…Detox clients were 3.7 times more likely than MM clients to engage in high-risk sexual behavior (95% CI 1.6-8.1, P = 0.002), an effect that remained constant even when controlling for the younger mean age of Detox clients. This may reflect the role of the Detox as a substance abuse treatment entry point, in which clients are actively using drugs or alcohol and therefore are more likely to be engaging in risky sexual behavior (Ross et al, 1999;Aktan et al, 2001;Bagnall et al, 1990;Ericksen and Trocki, 1992;Fitterling et al, 1993;Flom et al, 2001;Morrill et al, 2001;Purcell et al, 2001;Scheidt and Windle, 1995;Somlai et al, 2000;Zenilman et al, 1994). It also may reflect the lower motivation to enter meaningful treatment, and thus reflect repeated and long-standing patterns of risky behavior associated with chronic drug use.…”

Is Substance Use a Barrier to Protected Sex Among Homeless Women? Results From Between- and Within-Subjects Event Analyses

“…The most common has been global association studies, which typically ask respondents to report on their general substance use and condom use behavior over a specifi c period, such as the past 6 months. These studies tend to fi nd that individuals who engage in substance use, or use more heavily, are more likely to engage in unprotected sex (Weinhardt and Carey, 2000), including among those with substance abuse disorders and/or mental illness (e.g., Scheidt and Windle, 1995;Weinhardt et al, 2001). The limitation of such studies is that they cannot determine whether substance use and unprotected sex occur on the same occasion, a necessary condition for inferring a causal link between them.…”

Diary study of substance use and unsafe sex among adolescents with substance use disorders

“…Groups studied include homeless [8,13], incarcerated [2,14], and low-income inner-city youth [15]. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to adolescents with diagnosed substance use disorders (SUDs), even though adults in substance abuse treatment have been found to be at a heightened risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and risky sexual behaviors [16]. It follows that youth with SUDs face similar risks.…”