The Airways Microbial Community Composition in Healthy Individuals and Bronchial Asthma Patients

Abstract

This review summarizes the results of studies on the composition of microbial communities in the airways of healthy individuals and patients with asthma. Modern molecular genetic technology of the microbial identification, which are based on a sequence determination of encoding proteins genes conserved regions. These regions form the 16s-subunit ribosomal RNA in microorganisms of different species. These genes are detected by sequencing markers characteristic of individual microorganisms and their phylogenetic groups, and allow to perform a deep analysis of the microbiota in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic bronchoobstructive diseases. So, apparently healthy human bronchial tree is characterized by low bacterial contamination (most typical representatives here are the genera Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacteria and Veilonella, much less potentially pathogenic Haemophilus and Neisseria are represented). In bronchial asthma patients the lower respiratory tract microbiota undergoes a qualitative transformation: as compared to healthy individuals the number of Proteobacteria increases and the number of Bacteroidetes decreases. Severe asthma in children is associated with significant respiratory tract Staphylococcus spp. insemination. Association between the asthma developing higher risk in young children and organisms such as Haemophilus, Moraxella and Neisseria spp. It is of considerable interest to determine the role of the microbiome in the development of human diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, and to understand the impact of the microbes communities as a course of disease and the important factor for the development of resistance to therapy.

The role of gut microbiome in the complex relationship between respiratory tract infection and asthma

“…Similar alterations in gut microbiota have also been observed in adults with asthma. Fedosenko et al ( 2014 ), Masik et al ( 2019 ), Zolnikova et al ( 2020 ), and Ozimek et al ( 2022 ), have observed changes in gut microbiota in adult patients with bronchial asthma, including an increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria and a decrease in bacteria that can produce butyrate and acetate. The changes in gut microbiota in asthma mainly include the decrease of gut microbial diversity, the decrease of the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms (such as Faecalibacterium), and the reduction or even depletion of SCFAs-producing bacteria.…”

“…Similar alterations in gut microbiota have also been observed in adults with asthma. Fedosenko et al (2014), Masik et al (2019), Zolnikova et al (2020), andOzimek et al (2022), have observed changes in gut microbiota in adult patients with bronchial asthma, including an increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria and a…”

Prevention of Allergies in Children

“…Patients with primarily Th2 immune response have a tendency to reduced concentration of immunoglobulins A and G in blood serum, of interferon γ and secretory immunoglobulins as well; to disturbed differentiation of immunocompetent cells; apparently, this results in persistent vulnerability to viruses. Moreover, recent studies of respiratory tract microbiota have demonstrated that bronchial tree of a virtually healthy person is characterized by low bacterial load (the most characteristic bacteria belong to genera Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacteria and Veilonella; potentially pathogenic genera Haemophilus and Neisseria are observed far less often) [16]. In patients with bronchial asthma, lower respiratory tract microbiota undergoes qualitative transformation: amount of Proteobacteria increases, of Bacteroidetes -decreases (in comparison with healthy persons).…”