The air pollutant 2-nitrofluorene as initiator and promoter in a liver model for chemical carcinogenesis

Möller, Lennart; Torndal, Ulla-Britta; Eriksson, Lennart C.; Gustafsson, Jan‐Åke

doi:10.1093/carcin/10.3.435

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The genotoxic effects in the rat liver after exposure to NF occur as preneoplastic lesions (44). The same genotoxic lesions can be formed after exposure to -y-irradiation of the rat livers (67).…”

Section: Risk Calculations Using Y-radiation Eqivalentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen

Möller¹,

Lax²,

Eriksson³

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are formed during incomplete combustion. Sources include emissions from vehicles (mainly diesel vehicles), heating, smoking, certain types of food processing, and incomplete combustion in general. Nitro-PAHs are direct-acting mutagens, and a number of them have been shown to be carcinogens. 2-Nitrofluorene (NF) represents a model substance for the nitro-PAHs. An attempt has been made to calculate the human cancer risk due to exposure to nitro-PAHs by two different models. In the first model, genotoxic lesions were transferred to units of Gray (y-irradiation), and in the second model a mega study (24,000 animals) on the carcinogenicity of one metabolite of NF was used to elucidate the risk. Gamma-irradiation of the rat liver gave rise to preneoplastic foci in a dose-dependent manner. which was statistically significant. The Gray-equivalents of chemically (NF) induced foci were calculated, and from the human nitro-PAH exposure, expressed in Sievert, a human risk estimate was calculated. In the second model, an extrapolation from laboratory animals to man was performed because tumor data on 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), a major metabolite of NF, were available in the literature. The tumor dose-response data on AAF was linear for tested lifetime doses. The results ofboth models agreed, with a risk range of 0.15-49x 10 -i on human cancer risk for an urban citizen.

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Section: Risk Calculations Using Y-radiation Eqivalentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…NF has been studied in detail in our laboratory from an analytical point of view (36), and with regard to metabolism (37)(38)(39), lung effects (40,41), and genotoxic effects (42)(43)(44). A review of NF's prevalence and biological effects has also been published (45).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen

Möller¹,

Lax²,

Eriksson³

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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“…enterica serotype Typhimurium. 2-Nitrofluorene is a typical carcinogenic nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 25,26 which was detected in diesel exhaust particles 27 and also as a major pollutant in the atmosphere 28 . In our previous study we discovered that this compound induces mutations leading to antibiotic resistance and selects for high level resistant strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of environmental pollutants and food processing on the development of antibiotic resistance

Bírošová¹,

Mikulášová²

2014

BIOMED PAP

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Aim. The purpose of this study was to determine how various compounds known to be positive mutagens, contribute to the development of mutations leading to ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium. The molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in treated strains was investigated. Methods. A modified version of the incorporation plate test was used for quantitative determination of ciprofloxacin resistant mutants and for assessment of the mutation frequency induced by the positive mutagens in different concentrations. An AS-PCR-RFLP for monitoring of gyrA mutations was applied. Results. Mutation frequency, expressed as number of antibiotic resistant colonies per 10 8 viable cells, was much higher after exposure of bacterial cells to 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylic acid and 2-nitrofluorene. All isolated cultures retain decreased susceptibility to antibiotic after multiple passages in antibiotic-free medium. 2-nitrofluorene was the best inducer of mutations in gyrA and in regulation genes affecting suppression of synthesis of outer membrane porins. 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylic acid gives rise to overproduction of efflux pump. Conclusions. The data suggest that antibiotic resistance may not be only a consequence of misuse of antibiotics. A polluted environment as well as food processing could contribute to this unwanted process.

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“…2-Nitrofluorene (NF) is a typical carcinogenic nitro-PAH. 48) NF was detected in diesel exhaust particles as a major component, together with nitropyrenes. 49) NF was also detected as a major pollutant in the atmosphere.…”

Section: Activation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolymentioning

confidence: 97%

Metabolic Activation of Proestrogens in the Environment by Cytochrome P450 System

Kawa

Sugihara

Sanoh

et al. 2008

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Liver microsome-mediated activation of proestrogens in the environment is reviewed here. Proestrogens such as methoxychlor, trans-stilbene, diphenyl, diphenylmethane, 2,2-diphenylpropane, benzo[a]pyrene, benzophenone, 2-nitrofluorene (NF), chalcone, trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one and styrene oligomers are negative in in vitro estrogen screening tests. However, those proestrogens exhibit estrogenic activity after metabolic activation by the microsomal cytochrome P450 system. In these cases, hydroxylated derivatives of the compounds are formed as major metabolites, and these metabolites exhibit significant estrogenic activities. Thus, the estrogenic activities of proestrogenic compounds are a consequence of metabolism of the parent compounds. Various candidates for proestrogens among medicines and insecticides are also discussed.

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The air pollutant 2-nitrofluorene as initiator and promoter in a liver model for chemical carcinogenesis

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a risk assessment for the urban citizen

The effect of environmental pollutants and food processing on the development of antibiotic resistance

Metabolic Activation of Proestrogens in the Environment by Cytochrome P450 System

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