The Agro-morphological behavior of saffron under the environmental conditions of four areas in Eastern Morocco

Mzabri, İbtissam; Chetouani, M.; Charif, Khadija; Addi, Mohamed; Nkengurutse, Jacques; Mimouni, J.; Kouddane, Noureddine; Berrichi, Abdelbasset

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.072

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, Mzabri et al. (2019) also confirmed the existence of a strong correlation (0.79) between altitude and crocin content, showing altitude to be the strongest factor affecting crocin content. These results are in line with those of the study conducted by Cardone et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Contrarily, Mzabri et al. (2019) found a significant difference in picrocrocin, safranal, and crocin content between the different areas studied (Oujda, Figuig, Lgusirat, Ain Chouater). In addition, Lage and Cantrell (2009) and Ghanbari, Khajoei‐Nejadet, van Ruth et al (2019) too reported that the amounts of picrocrocin, crocin, and safranal differed significantly across samples from different provenances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…According to Mzabri et al. (2019), drying is an important step to obtain good quality saffron, and poor conservation of the species can significantly alter the crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in saffron quality in Morocco (Taliouine and Taznakht) according to altitude and provenance: Chemometric investigation

Annemer

zoubi

Ramzi

et al. 2022

Food Processing Preservation

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This study aims to identify factors that affect saffron quality in order to enhance the quality and production of saffron. Saffron samples were collected from 38 harvest sites at various altitudes (high, medium, and low) in Taliouine and Taznakht. Analysis of the content of safranal, crocin, and picrocrocin was carried out through spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet‐visible (UV–vis) according to the ISO 3632‐1:2011 standard. Saffron from high‐altitude sites was found to have the highest average content of picrocrocin (90.92 ± 5.98), safranal (28.57 ± 2.52), and crocin (208.37 ± 21.27), followed by that from medium‐altitude sites (87.59 ± 8.22, 27.09 ± 3.69, and 200.05 ± 19.86, respectively). Analysis of variance test showed that the quality of the saffron was influenced by the altitude and not by the species provenance. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that saffron containing the highest quantity of crocin was found to have the greatest coloring strength and consequently belonged to the first grade. Partial least squares (PLS) regression allowed finding a suitable preliminary model to predict the coloring strength from the absorbances. Overall, these findings can be used to improve the quality and quantity of saffron by developing the conditions of saffron cultivation, especially at high altitude. Novelty impact statement The investigation of Moroccan saffron showed that his quality is affected by the altitude and not by the provenance, and that the high altitude containing the first grade of saffron. The moisture content showed an effect on saffron quality. PCA identified a strong correlation between crocin, coloring strength, and saffron grade. Thus, the saffron with the highest amount of crocin had the highest coloring strength and therefore belonged to the first grade. PLS regression was successfully created as a preliminary model to predict coloring strength based on their absorbance data in these study areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Variations in saffron quality in Morocco (Taliouine and Taznakht) according to altitude and provenance: Chemometric investigation

Annemer

zoubi

Ramzi

et al. 2022

Food Processing Preservation

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“…Even though there are many studies on the cultivation methods and primary processing of Crocus stigmas (Busconi et al, 2018;Maleki et al, 2017), the available data on saffron's chemical composition (Ghanbari et al, 2019) and the influence of environmental factors (Lage & Cantrell, 2009;Mykhailenko et al, 2021b;Mzabri et al, 2019) on the biosynthesis of metabolites for samples from different countries, we could not find published data or recommendations on the application of GACP principles for saffron cultivation. Earlier, we have presented the results (Mykhailenko et al, 2020) of an experiment on selecting optimal conditions for saffron cultivation in the climate conditions of Ukraine.…”

Section: Ethnopharmacological and Modern Clinical Application Of Saffronmentioning

confidence: 91%

Model implementation of the legal regulation on medicinal plant cultivation for pharmaceutical purposes. Case study of Crocus sativus cultivation in Ukraine

et al. 2022

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Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is the source of saffron, a traditional spice and herbal medicine, usually cultivated in Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean. Saffron is a new niche food and medicinal plant in Ukraine. An important area of production, namely the application of Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) principles for obtaining high-quality saffron raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry, has been evaluated. The study was conducted on a plantation in Lyubimovka village, Kherson Region in Ukraine, from 2016 to 2021. The research object was Crocus sativus and the quality management system in the cultivation and harvesting of medicinal plants. The Ukrainian legislation on herbal drug production introduced guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) ‘Good Agricultural and Collection Practice (GACP) for Starting Materials of Herbal Origin’ in 2012. The Guidelines are recommendatory and not mandatory. However, these principles ensure that appropriate quality herbal raw materials are obtained. Implementing GACP principles with the example of saffron includes a description of the plant, sowing material, primary processing, sowing conditions, transportation and storage, packaging, quality control, and documentation. The presented results reflect the entire production process and show the prospects for obtaining high-quality raw materials. The study suggests the results of implementing the WHO GACP guidelines to guarantee the traceability of herbal raw materials and their reliable quality.

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“…Methyl-Cyclopentane, α-pinene, β-Pinene, Limonene, 3-Carene, α-Terpinene, Benzaldehyde. 4-(1-methylethyl) -, Anethole, δ-EIemene, α-Terpinyl acetate, Copaene, β-Elemene Methyleugenol, cis-α-Bergamotene, Humulene, 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino] quinoline trihydrobromide, α-Curcumene, β-Selinene, α-Muurolene β-Bisabolene, γ-Cadinene, Cadina-1 (10)…”

Section: Authentic Volatiles Es1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic potential, quality and antioxidant activity of saffron grown in Morocco

Kabiri

Hssaini²,

Naim

et al. 2022

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Saffron is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus L., which has a special aroma, color and odor influencing positively its economic value. In this context, ten saffron ecotypes were screened of their biochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The samples were also analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS to determine their content of volatile and phenolic compounds, respectively. The results revealed statistically significant differences among samples based on moisture (9.09-11.23 %), total phenols (31.62-62.71mg EAG/g), total flavonoids (23.02-40.02mg ER/mg), total carotenoids (66.12-155.05µg/g), picrocrocin (88.99-121.53), crocin (137.44-228.39) and safranal (26.56-53.04). The radical scavenging activity ranged from 17.09 % to 29.53 % for DPPH assay, and oscillated from 0.128 mmol AAE/g to 0.239 mmol AAE/g for ABTS test, while the ferric reducing antioxidant potency (FRAP) varied from 0.974 to 1.989 mmol Fe 2+ /g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 66 volatile compounds, among which the Safranal and Isophorone were the most abondant. The ES1 from Taliouine recorded a very distinct volatile composition compared to the others ecotypes with 22 authentic volatile compounds. Moreover, liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed 14 phenolic compounds with picrocin and crocin were found to be the major compounds. The principal component analysis classified the investigated ecotypes into two mean distinctive sets with ES1and ES9 were distinguiqhed as a single ietms. The α-pinene, β-Pinene, Limonene, Anethole, Acetic acid, Ketoisophorone, Isophorone, Safranal, Thymoquinone, Total Flavonoids, FRAP and Total Carotenoids, are the main discriminant variables. The two-dimensional analysis of the clustered heatmaps divided showed a relatively smilar patterns as the Principale Component Analysis (PCA) and confirmed the singularity of the sample ES1 based on its particular volatile profile dominated mainly by α-Terpinyl acetate, Methyleugenol, Copaene, Anethole, Limonene, Methyl-Cyclopentane, which were not identified in the other samples even at minor levels. These findings herein found revealed the high quality of Moroccan saffron, which is very important for the species breeding and valorization.

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The Agro-morphological behavior of saffron under the environmental conditions of four areas in Eastern Morocco

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Variations in saffron quality in Morocco (Taliouine and Taznakht) according to altitude and provenance: Chemometric investigation

Variations in saffron quality in Morocco (Taliouine and Taznakht) according to altitude and provenance: Chemometric investigation

Model implementation of the legal regulation on medicinal plant cultivation for pharmaceutical purposes. Case study of Crocus sativus cultivation in Ukraine

Aromatic potential, quality and antioxidant activity of saffron grown in Morocco

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