The agreement paradox

Conway, Lucian Gideon; Houck, Shannon C.; Chan, Linus; Repke, Meredith A.; McFarland, James

doi:10.4324/9781003042433-10

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Of course, sometimes people do not follow these norms. One reason people may deviate from social norms is in reaction to top‐down, heavy‐handed enforcement of these norms (Conway et al, 2009; Conway et al, 2021a). Enforcing norms through mechanisms such as governmental restrictions may induce compliance in the short‐term; however, the communication of heavy‐handed norms can lead to a backfire effect which leads to long‐term deviance from the established norm (see Conway et al, 2021a; for a review).…”

Section: The Backfiring Of Cultural Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason people may deviate from social norms is in reaction to top‐down, heavy‐handed enforcement of these norms (Conway et al, 2009; Conway et al, 2021a). Enforcing norms through mechanisms such as governmental restrictions may induce compliance in the short‐term; however, the communication of heavy‐handed norms can lead to a backfire effect which leads to long‐term deviance from the established norm (see Conway et al, 2021a; for a review). Pressures to agree with these norms can elicit informational contamination—a discounting of the value of agreement with a norm based on a perception of public pressure to agree—as well as emotional reactance (Brehm, 1966)—a desire to restore freedom when it has been perceived to have been curtailed (Conway et al, 2021b).…”

Section: The Backfiring Of Cultural Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“You want to be politically correct”: Opposition to political correctness predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines in the US

Mackey

Rios

Johnson

2023

J Applied Social Pyschol

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Previous research has demonstrated that conservative individuals (relative to liberal individuals) were less likely to adhere to COVID‐19 guidelines (e.g., social distancing). We argue that because adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines was largely characterized as “politically correct” behavior, individuals opposed to political correctness (PC) norms would follow COVID‐19 guidelines less, controlling for political conservatism and other relevant demographic variables. In two correlational studies and one preregistered experiment, we tested whether opposition to political correctness (OPC) predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines. Study 1 showed that OPC correlates negatively with mask‐wearing and social distancing, controlling for conservatism, gender, age, and religious identity. Study 2 replicated and extended these effects, demonstrating that seeing mask‐wearing as a common good (i.e., as a beneficial COVID‐19 mitigation strategy) mediated the relationship between OPC and mask‐wearing, social distancing, handwashing, and vaccination intentions. Study 3 experimentally manipulated feelings toward PC. Inconsistent with our preregistered hypothesis but consistent with previous research, participants induced to have positive feelings toward PC adhered to COVID‐19 guidelines the most and had the most positive feelings toward wearing masks. We discuss how moralization of health guidelines can predict individuals' likelihood of adhering to these guidelines. We also discuss how best to persuade individuals who see adherence to health guidelines as “politically correct,” as well as future research directions to address this concern.

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Section: The Backfiring Of Cultural Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Backfiring Of Cultural Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“You want to be politically correct”: Opposition to political correctness predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines in the US

Mackey

Rios

Johnson

2023

J Applied Social Pyschol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Conway and Schaller (2005) argue that authority can have a backfiring effect, so using softer approaches may be more effective. This is because pressure causes reactance that is contrary to persuasion goals (Conway et al, 2021). Similar constructs, such as anger, have shown that people tend to support those who express anger when discussing a specific topic (Tiedens, 2001) which suggests that negative constructs can still be perceived favorably under the right circumstances.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of a “sweet spot:” Can understanding how language influences intimidation maximize the quality of valued compliance?

Hansia

Dunbar

Giles

2023

Psychology of Language and Communication

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In search of a "sweet spot:" Can understanding how language influences intimidation maximize the quality of valued compliance?Intimidation is often defined, received, and perceived pejoratively. The current study sets out to find a "sweet spot" in situations where intimidation cannot be avoided and compliance is the goal, where one can maximize compliance but keep fear as low as possible. This experimental study predicted that by lessening mean-spirited speech, a moderate amount of intimidation, as opposed to greater or lesser degrees of it, would produce more compliance with a request, positive interpersonal attributions, and communicative accommodations.The results supported the idea of such a "sweet spot" and implications for authority figures are considered and discussed.

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The curious case of left‐wing authoritarianism: When authoritarian persons meet anti‐authoritarian norms

Conway

McFarland

Costello

et al. 2021

J Theo Social Psycho

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Left-Wing Authoritarianism (LWA) has a controversial history in psychology. Some researchers have expressed skepticism about the existence of LWA, whereas others have argued that LWA is a valid construct. In the present article, we offer a framework to reconcile these two perspectives by proposing that ideologically-based authoritarian norms are sometimes in conflict with the processes that create authoritarian individuals.In Western political contexts, authoritarian norms are more likely to occur on the conservative side of the political spectrum; but authoritarian persons can occur in both conservatives and liberals. In our model, left-wing authoritarians thus often occupy the space where forces influencing authoritarianism are in conflict. We review existing evidence related to the model, derive four hypotheses from the model, and discuss criteria for falsifying the model. We conclude by considering the model's place in current research on the complexities of ideology.

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The agreement paradox

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

“You want to be politically correct”: Opposition to political correctness predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines in the US

“You want to be politically correct”: Opposition to political correctness predicts less adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines in the US

In search of a “sweet spot:” Can understanding how language influences intimidation maximize the quality of valued compliance?

The curious case of left‐wing authoritarianism: When authoritarian persons meet anti‐authoritarian norms

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