This chapter discusses the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement). It explains how the SPS Agreement established standards for trade restrictions that aimed to protect the life and health of humans, animals, and plants. The SPS Agreement has its own scope of application which is independent from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, but it does have measures that operate in conformity with the GATT. In principle, WTO members must be guided by available international standards, guidelines, or recommendations. Additionally, the SPS Agreement became the crucial frame of reference for divergent regulatory philosophies in regard to risks associated with new technologies.