The Agony of Defeat?

How to Use Cognitive Faculties You Never Knew You Had

“…According to the former, perceptual experiences provide us with immediate justification, even without any background justification for thinking that those experiences are reliable; according to the latter, such background justification is required. This debate is further explored by Neta (2010), Silins (2014), and others. I do not frame the debate this way because discussions about Norman are typically not about perceptual experience.…”

A metacognitive account of phenomenal force

“…Philosophical interest in phenomenal force is not limited to dogmatism and the phenomenal approach to perceptual justification. A few epistemologists think that episodic memories (Audi, 1995;Brogaard, 2017;Pollock & Cruz, 1999) and intuitions (Bengson, 2015;Chudnoff, 2013) can give us immediate justification in virtue of having phenomenal force or 1 Some adherents of dogmatism include Bengson (2015), Berghofer (2020), Brogaard (2013), Chudnoff (2013), Huemer (2001), Kriegel (forthcoming), Lycan (2013), McGrath (2018), Pryor (2000), Silins (2014), Skene (2013), Smithies (2019), andTucker (2010).…”

Is phenomenal force sufficient for immediate perceptual justification?

“…), if it has a distinctive kind of phenomenal character, then it thereby provides us with immediate justification for beliefs about the external world, where the phenomenal character of an experience is "what it is like" to undergo the experience. 1 Dogmatism is an important view partly because it promises to relieve us from a skeptical worry, which maintains that we need independent justification to rule out skeptical scenarios in 1 Adherents of dogmatism include Bengson (2015), Brogaard (2013 and2016), Chudnoff (2011Chudnoff ( , 2012Chudnoff ( , and 2013, Chudnoff and DiDomenico (2015), Huemer (2001Huemer ( , 2006Huemer ( , and 2007, Lycan (2014), Pryor (2000 and2004), Silins (2014), Skene (2013), and Tucker (2010 and. Some philosophers use "dogmatism" to only refer to the Immediacy Thesis, but Tucker (2013) points out that it is the Immediacy Thesis together with the Phenomenal order to have justified beliefs about the external world.…”

“…For general discussions of defeaters, seeBergmann (2006),Egan and Elga (2005),Kotzen (2013),Pollock (1987Pollock ( , 1995Pollock ( , and 2001,Pollock andCruz (1999), and Pryor (2013). For a detailed discussion of defeaters of experiences, seeSilins (2014).…”