The Aging trial: Design of a randomized controlled trial to increase physical activity in middle-aged and older adults

Diehl, Manfred; Nehrkorn-Bailey, Abigail; Thompson, Katherine; Rodriguez, Diana; Li, Kaigang; Rebok, George W.; Roth, David L.; Chung, Shang En; Bland, Christina; Feltner, Skylar; Forsyth, G. Alfred; Hulett, Nicholas A.; Klein, Berkeley; Mars, Paloma; Martínez, Karla Isis Avilés; Mast, Sarah Margaret; Monasterio, Rachel; Moore, Kristen; Schoenberg, Hayden M.; Thomson, Elizabeth; Tseng, Han Yun

doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106105

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging experiences also tend to be more salient for older adults, making negative aging stereotypes increasingly relevant (Bellingtier et al, 2021) and potentially more difficult to combat. Tangible efforts to reduce perceived AARC losses may include promoting engagement in activities or helping older adults stay active (e.g., Aging PLUS ; Brothers & Diehl, 2017; Diehl et al, 2020; Nehrkorn‐Bailey et al, 2023). Mindful states may also promote overall mood (Mahlo & Windsor, 2021), though it is not yet known if naturally occurring mindful states can be cultivated in older adulthood (Mahlo & Windsor, 2020a, 2020b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mindfulness, inductive reasoning, and awareness of age‐related changes: A daily diary study

Graham,

Neupert

2023

Mental Health Science

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Mindfulness, understood as present‐centered thinking, has positive effects on cognition. Cognitive abilities fluctuate on a daily basis in older adulthood. Awareness of age‐related change (AARC) focuses on an individual's perception of life changes as a result of growing older and includes dimensions of both gains and losses. AARC losses are negative age‐related changes that are attributed to growing older, and have been linked to fluctuations in cognition. Utilizing Holas and Jankowski's cognitive model of mindfulness as a framework, we investigated the potential mediation effect of AARC losses as a type of perceived change in internal experiences. We used multilevel models to analyze daily diary data from 116 older adults (aged 60–90, M = 64.71, SD = 4.98). Participants provided baseline information on Day 1 and then completed parallel versions of inductive reasoning tests each day along with reports of daily mindfulness and AARC on Days 2–9. In line with the cognitive model of mindfulness, within‐person increases in daily mindfulness were associated with increases in inductive reasoning performance. Our results also extend the cognitive model of mindfulness because we found through multilevel mediation that increases in mindfulness were associated with decreases in AARC losses, which were then associated with increases in inductive reasoning performance. AARC losses significantly mediated the within‐person relationship between mindfulness and cognition. Efforts aimed at reducing perceived AARC losses might assist older adults in taking full advantage of the positive benefits of mindfulness on their daily cognitive abilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness, inductive reasoning, and awareness of age‐related changes: A daily diary study

Graham,

Neupert

2023

Mental Health Science

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“…Explanations may lie in previously identified evidence that negative self-stereotyping has much stronger effects on outcomes, such as cognitive performance, than positive self-stereotyping (Meisner, 2012). Consequently, individuals reporting high levels of losses, irrespective of their levels of gains, should be the prioritized target of interventions aimed to decreasing negative perceptions of aging and promoting physical exercise, engagement in enjoyable activities, and coping with age-related challenges (M. Diehl et al, 2020; Knight et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of awareness of age-related gains and losses throughout adulthood and their developmental correlates.

Sabatini,

Rupprecht,

Diehl

et al. 2023

Psychology and Aging

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Views of aging predict key developmental outcomes. Less is known, however, about the consequences of constellations of domain-specific perceived gains and losses across the full adult lifespan. First, we explored levels of awareness of age-related gains (AARC-gains) and losses (AARC-losses) in five behavioral domains across adulthood. Second, we identified the number and types of profiles of AARC-gains and AARC-losses in young adulthood, midlife, young–old age, and old–old age. Third, we investigated whether the identified profiles differed in their associations with developmental correlates. Data came from the 2018 German Socio-Economic Panel Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS), comprising 403 young, 721 middle-aged, 260 young–old and 228 old–old individuals. We assessed AARC, physical and mental functioning, information processing speed, social relations, lifestyle, and engagement. At the sample level, AARC-losses were higher in old age, whereas AARC-gains did not differ across adulthood. Latent profile analyses revealed two distinguishable constellations of AARC-gains and AARC-losses that characterize young adulthood and old–old age, whereas four and three gains-to-losses constellations are needed to characterize midlife and young–old age, respectively. In middle, young–old, and old–old age, profiles with more AARC-losses were associated with poorer scores on all developmental correlates. Overall, study results suggest that age-related experiences are most diversified in midlife and young–old age. Asking individuals about their negative age-related experiences may help identify those individuals who are doing less well in important developmental correlates.

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“…Mapping the normative trends of AARC-Losses and AARC-Gains across the full lifespan seems important for at least two key reasons: First, it seems fundamental for the understanding of human development and its final stage of old age, whether losses are taking over and, if so, at what point in time. Second, establishing such trends may help public health contexts and prevention work to screen for risky AARC development (e.g., when subjective loss experiences become dominant in early old age) and plan respective interventions (Diehl et al, 2020).…”

Section: The Concept Of Awareness Of Age-related Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in self-perceptions of aging across the adult lifespan: The sample case of awareness of age-related gains and losses.

Kaspar,

Schilling,

Diehl

et al. 2023

Psychology and Aging

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Rooted in the premises of lifespan developmental theory, the concept of awareness of age-related change (AARC) posits that growing older comes with both experiences of gains and losses across different behavioral domains. However, little is known about how age-related change is perceived across the entire adult lifespan, provided that respective measures can be validly compared. Further, few studies have adopted an approach that examines gains and losses simultaneously to study a potential shift in the ratio of perceived age-related gains and losses from adolescence to advanced old age. Using cross-sectional data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this study tested the measurement invariance of the 10-item AARC short form and examined age differences in the awareness of age-related changes across 1,612 participants aged 16–93 years. First, partial measurement invariance of the AARC-Gains and AARC-Losses scales was established, allowing for valid group comparisons across young adulthood, midlife, and old age. Second, results indicated that people experience more AARC-Gains than AARC-Losses throughout the adult lifespan. However, older adults exhibited an increasingly less favorable gains-to-losses ratio, primarily driven by more loss experiences. Gain experiences were mostly stable across age groups. Third, differences in levels of AARC were related to individuals’ background characteristics relevant at the respective time of life, such as education (early adulthood), employment (midlife), and social resources (old age). These results highlight the utility of considering a broad age range when examining the nature and correlates of age differences in perceived age-related gains and losses.

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The Aging trial: Design of a randomized controlled trial to increase physical activity in middle-aged and older adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Mindfulness, inductive reasoning, and awareness of age‐related changes: A daily diary study

Mindfulness, inductive reasoning, and awareness of age‐related changes: A daily diary study

Levels of awareness of age-related gains and losses throughout adulthood and their developmental correlates.

Differences in self-perceptions of aging across the adult lifespan: The sample case of awareness of age-related gains and losses.

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