The Aging Respiratory System

Krumpe, Peter E.; Knudson, Ronald J.; Parsons, G. H.; Reiser, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0690(18)30963-7

Cited by 80 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…The reduction in FEV 1 in the elderly may signify obstructive changes, which can be explained by a decrease in elastic lung retractility, a reduction in chest wall compliance and a reduction in the strength of the respiratory muscles, leading to the progressive decline in lung function over time. 19,20 With respect to the decrease in respiratory muscle strength, Santos et al 21 suggested the application of respiratory muscle training among this population, as this can potentiate the respiratory muscles of the elderly and thus constitute a preventive strategy against the decline of respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of body mass index and age on the lung function of obese women

Sgariboldi

Faria

Carbinatto

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Introduction: Obesity and aging may cause changes in lung function. Objective: to assess whether body mass, body mass index (BMI) and age influences vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 ) in women. Methods: 81 women aged between 30 and 75 years participated in the study. The sample included obese and morbidly obese, non-smoking, sedentary individuals without chronic lung disorders. Anamnesis, anthropometric and spirometric evaluations were performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Pearson correlation and Spearman tests, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: It was observed that age had significant and negative correlations with VC and its components: inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and tidal volume (TV), and with FEV 1 . There was also a significant positive correlation between body mass and VC and IRV and a significant negative correlation between BMI and ERV. Conclusion: Pulmonary function declines over time. Body mass appears to exert a greater influence on IRV, whereas a greater BMI is associated with a decline in ERV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of body mass index and age on the lung function of obese women

Sgariboldi

Faria

Carbinatto

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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“…There are some characteristics of physiological changes related to age including a reduction in arterial oxygen saturation [16], partial pressure of oxygen [17] and the presence of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle [18]. Despite decreased tidal volume, the minute ventilation volume of the elderly is the same as that of adults, and as a result, the respiratory rate of the elderly tends to decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach to a non-contact vital sign monitoring using dual-frequency microwave radars for elderly care

Suzuki¹,

Matsui²,

Kagawa³

et al. 2013

JBiSE

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This study aimed to produce a prototype system for non-contact vital sign monitoring of the elderly using microwave radar with the intention of reducing the burdens on monitored individuals and nursing caregivers. In addition, we tested the ability of the proposed prototype system to measure the respiratory and heart rates of the elderly in a nursing home and discussed the systems effectiveness and problems by examining results of real-time monitoring. The prototype system consisted of two 24-GHz microwave radar antennas and an analysis system. The antennas were positioned below a mattress to monitor motion on the body surface for measuring cardiac and respiratory rates from the dorsal side of the subjects (23.3 ± 1.2 years) who would be lying on the mattress. The heart rates determined by the prototype system correlated significantly with those measured by electrocardiography (r = 0.92). Similarly, the respiratory rates determined by the prototype correlated with those obtained from respiration curves (r = 0.94). Next, we investigated the effectiveness of the prototype system with 7 elderly patients (93.3 ± 10.56 years) at a nursing home. The proposed system appears to be a promising tool for monitoring the vital signs of the elderly in a way that alleviates the need to attach electrodes overnight to confirm patient safety.

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“…31 The mechanism responsible is not known, but it may represent an adaptation to decreases in chest wall compliance. 32 In addition, there may be changes in the function of both central chemoreceptors and peripheral mechanoreceptors in the chest wall and lung parenchyma.…”

Section: Regulation Of Breathingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: Age related alterations in respiratory function — anesthetic considerations

Šprung

Gajic

Warner

2006

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

141

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Purpose: This review examines the effect of aging on pulmonary reserve. Special emphasis is placed on how anesthetic and surgical factors may impose substantial stresses on the respiratory system of elderly patients, leading to increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications including respiratory failure.Source: A MEDLINE-based English-language literature search was undertaken for the period 1966-2006, and an EMBASE search covered the overlapping period 1988-2006. Selected articles were limited to those applying to elderly subjects/patients. Principal findings:Age-related loss of the lung static recoil forces, stiffening of the chest wall and diminished alveolar surface area lead to a decrease in vital capacity, an increase in residual volume, decrease in expiratory flows and increased ventilation-perfusion heterogeneity. Respiratory muscle strength consistently declines with age further increasing the work of breathing. While gas exchange may be well preserved at rest and during exertion, pulmonary reserve is diminished, and under conditions of positive fluid balance, positioning for surgery, and increased metabolic demand, postoperative respiratory failure can occur. Increased sensitivity to respiratory depressants and muscle weakness pose additional risks for the development of postoperative respiratory complications in elderly patients. Regional anesthetic techniques provide for superior postoperative analgesia, without necessarily altering the frequency of postoperative pulmonary complications in the older surgical population. Conclusion:Alterations in respiratory physiology associated with aging must be appreciated to anticipate and minimize potential complications associated with surgery and anesthesia in the elderly. Individualized care to optimize preoperative cardiorespiratory function, minimize intraoperative respiratory pertubations, and to gently restore postoperative pulmonary function are essential anesthetic goals for elderly patients who require surgery. Objectif

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The Aging Respiratory System

Cited by 80 publications

References 142 publications

Influence of body mass index and age on the lung function of obese women

Influence of body mass index and age on the lung function of obese women

An approach to a non-contact vital sign monitoring using dual-frequency microwave radars for elderly care

Review article: Age related alterations in respiratory function — anesthetic considerations

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