The Aging Phenomenon of Horses With Reference to Human–Horse Relations

Wiśniewska, Marzenna; Janczarek, Iwona; Piwczyński, Dariusz

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.005

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Musculoskeletal disorders, along with gastrointestinal disorders and airway disorders, are a common problem in geriatric horses (12,39). Quite frequently they disqualify old animals from any use (38,39,90). According to Beard (8), a wide spectrum of the occurrence of such conditions is confirmed by the common trend of administering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which relieve pain causing lameness in older horses.…”

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lame horses show an irregular or asymmetrical gait caused by the pain suffered, which in older horses may be due to joint effusion resulting from mechanical damage to the joint or changes in the structure of the cartilage (39). Joint cartilage is the basic structural material of the joint, which itself is nerveless, although the other elements of the joint are very well innervated with numerous receptors (90). During the inflammation, the receptors become more sensitive to the effect of thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli and then to intensified joint pain symptoms.…”

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the inflammation, the receptors become more sensitive to the effect of thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli and then to intensified joint pain symptoms. In geriatric horses, most damage to the joint is often a result of an intensive sports career related to physical overloads or it is a consequence of numerous injuries (90). A consequence of such a condition includes diseases, especially arthritis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sesamoid degeneration, hoof cartilage calcifications, tendon mineralization and limb raptures or fractures.…”

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With age, tissue regeneration capacity is also reduced, which increases the risk of weakened ligaments and tendons, thus increasing the possibility of very serious injury. For this reason, older horses are more often susceptible to tearing or inflammation within those structures, which excludes them from use (90). When assessing lameness in geriatric horses, past chronic laminitis and the problems of the region of the hoof capsule should be noted; e.g.…”

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health problems in geriatric horses

Ratz¹,

Kaczmarek²,

Wnuk–Pawlak³

et al. 2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Geriatric horses, like other animals (and humans), suffer from various diseases called old-age diseases. This publication has been developed in response to the needs of owners and caretakers of a growing number of geriatric horses. Since the horse has a long life span, the geriatric stage can encompass up to 1/3 of the animal’s lifetime and can quite often last more than 10 years. This paper aims at systematizing the information of the most prevalent geriatric diseases in horses which inhibit their performance and considerably lower their quality of life. Knowledge of these diseases can help to avoid mistakes when keeping and managing such horses and may provide guidelines for maintaining welfare and preventive treatments. This article reviews the most prevalent old age health problems, their origin, diagnostics, course and effects for the body. Information about the most common diseases of old age in horses is found in 119 references. The nine sub-chapters include the diseases of the digestive system, especially the oral cavity, the stomach and bowels’ diseases, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, dysfunctions of the locomotor system, eye diseases, endocrine and neuroendocrine diseases as well as the immune system, neoplasms and general body condition. It should be emphasized that there is the possibility to maintain the well-being of geriatric horses through progress in veterinary medicine and sharing knowledge of equine functioning and health protection. Preventive health care should include regular blood testing, regular dental check-ups and adequate nutrition adapted to the overall condition, dental condition, physical activity and comorbidities. Adequate individual supplementation recommended by a nutrition specialist and a veterinarian is also essential.

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Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locomotor Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Health problems in geriatric horses

Ratz¹,

Kaczmarek²,

Wnuk–Pawlak³

et al. 2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Elas são expressadas de alguma forma e tem grande importância para o bemestar de animais, principalmente dentro das cadeias de produção. (Feh e Mazierès, 1993;Munsters et al, 2012;Greve e Dyson, 2013;Janczarek et al, 2018;Janczarek et al, 2019;Wiśniewska et al, 2019) e bovinos Lürzel et al, 2015;Lürzel et al, 2016;Lürzel et al, 2018; Bellegarde et al, 2017;Tamioso et al, 2018; Raoult e Gygax, 2018) e suínos Camerlink et al, 2018).…”

Section: Emoções Em Animaisunclassified

Relação entre a expressão corporal e facial e o estado emocional de bezerros de raças leiteiras

Miguel¹

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Relationship between body and facial expression and emotional state of dairy calves The purpose of this research was to identify the existence of facial and body expressions that reflects the emotional state of dairy calves. Thirty-two calves between 1 and 8 weeks of age were studied for four consecutive days. Eight groups with four animals each were formed randomly, forming homogeneous groups among themselves in age. Each group was analyzed twice. The animals were taken to a test chamber with open sides and covered with metal tile over a pasture area, where they received the application of the treatments positive "neck stroking" and negative "umbrella test" (Sandem et al. 2004). The facial expression was analyzed through the facial action units: eyebrow, mouth, nostril and eye white. Body expression was verified by the ear position and tail position variables. The animals were evaluated during six experimental times: natural environment, pre-test, test, post-test 1, post-test 2 and natural environment after the test. Both stimuli caused reduction (p < 0,05) in eye white area from 3,50 cm 2 to 1,10 cm 2 , and area of nostril from 8,58 cm 2 to 6,07 cm 2. The raised eyebrow was present during the negative stimulus. It was not possible to identify if the changes in facial action units were due to positive or negative emotions. All manipulation with the animals caused a change in the facial units. The positioning of ear and tail are related to positive and negative emotions. The "back" ear position and the "arched" tail position are associated with expressing positive emotions. The "horizontal" ear position and the "between hindlimbs" tail position, to negative emotions. The types of ear and tail positions are indicators of positive or negative emotional state in calves, and there is great potential for using these measures to evaluate emotions. Thus, we identified the existence of facial expressions, with the variable eyebrow, and body expression, with the position of "back" ear and "arched" tail that reflects positive emotional states; and "horizontal" ear position and "between hindlimbs" tail reflecting negative emotional states in calves.

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