The aging of the retina

Bonnel, S.; Mohand‐Saïd, Saddek; Sahel, José‐Alain

doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(03)00093-7

Cited by 78 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…8 Anatomical studies have shown a progressive decrease in the number of ganglion cells with increasing age, with a more prominent decrease in the peripheral retina. 9,44 The main contributions to the human mfERG are from cells of the outer retina. The leading edge of N1 is most probably related to the onset of the off-bioplar cells with a small contribution from the cones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and mfERG topography

Tam

Chan

Brown

et al. 2004

Eye

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Aim To study the effect of aging retina on the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods A total of 18 young subjects (age 18-24 years) and 36 elderly subjects (aged 60-85 years) with intraocular lenses (IOLs) were recruited for this study. No subjects had significant eye diseases or media opacities. mfERG was measured in standard conditions using the VERIS system (version 4.1). There were three groups of 18 subjects: (1) 18-25 years, (2) 60-70 years, and (3) 75-85 years. mfERG responses were grouped into central, paracentral, and peripheral regions for analysis. The N1 amplitude, P1 amplitude, N1 latency, and P1 latency of the first-order responses were analysed. Results Age had no effect on P1 latency, N1 amplitude, and P1 amplitude; however, N1 latencies from central to peripheral regions were significantly longer for group 3 than for group 1. Conclusions This study suggests that measured age-related decreases in mfERG responses are due to optical factors (decrease in retinal light levels, scatter) before the age of 70 years, but neural factors significantly affect mfERG topography after the age of 70 years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and mfERG topography

Tam

Chan

Brown

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…The eye is an organ system particularly susceptible to aging diseases as demonstrated by the high incidence of cataracts , glaucoma (McKinnon, 2003) and age-related macular degeneration (Bonnel et al, 2003). Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease that involves genetic and environmental factors (Berger et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease that involves genetic and environmental factors (Berger et al, 1999). This disease affects the macular region of the human retina and is responsible for the greatest number of cases of legal blindness among the elderly (Bonnel et al, 2003;Evans, 2001). Although the pathogenesis of AMD is not well understood, loss of function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) supporting the macula is suspected of being responsible for photoreceptor loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene structure, localization and role in oxidative stress of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) in the monkey retina

Lee

Gordiyenko

Marchetti

et al. 2006

Experimental Eye Research

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MSRA (EC 1.8.4.6) is a member of the methionine sulfoxide reductase family that can reduce methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in proteins. This repair function has been shown to protect cells against oxidative damage. In this study we have assembled the complete gene structure of msrA and identified the presence of two distinct putative promoters that generate three different transcripts. These transcripts were cloned by 5'RACE and code for three MSRA isoforms with different N-termini. The different forms of MSRA target to distinct intracellular regions. The main MSRA transcript (msrA1) had been previously shown to target the mitochondria. MsrA2 and 3 originate from a second promoter and target the cytosol and nuclei. In the monkey retina msrA message was detected mainly in the macular RPE-choroid region while its activity was measured mainly in the soluble fractions of fractionated neural retina and RPE-choroid. The MSRA protein is found throughout the retina but is especially abundant at the photoreceptor synapses, ganglion and Müller cells. Interestingly, MSRA was not detected in the mitochondria of the photoreceptor inner segments. The RPE in the peripheral retina shows very low levels of expression but the RPE in the macular region is strongly labeled. Targeted silencing of msrA message rendered cultured RPE cells more sensitive to oxidative damage suggesting a role for MSRA in RPE protection against oxidative stress. Collectively these data suggest MSRA may play an important role in protecting macular RPE from oxidative damage.

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“…With progressing age, cone numbers eventually decline. By the age of 90 years, a 40% reduction in cones has been reported (Bonnel et al 2003). Due to rod cells being involved in black and white vision, the elderly often have a decreased ability to see at night or in areas of minimal light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in growth factor expression in normal aging of the rat retina

Smith

Steinle

2007

Experimental Eye Research

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Although much is known about the growth factor changes in ocular tissues during various diseases, little is known about normal aging of the retina. In order to further understand normal aging in the retina, we characterized age-related changes of growth factor expression in three different ages of rat retina. Real time PCR and protein analysis was conducted to investigate steady state mRNA expression and protein levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, PEDF, Ang-1, Tie-2, EphB4 and ephrinB2 in the retina of 8, 22, and 32 month old Brown Norway X Fischer 344 F1 hybrid rats. An increase of VEGF protein levels was found at 32 months compared to 8 and 22 months of age. VEGFR2 protein was found to be increased at 22 and 32 months compared to 8 months. PEDF protein levels were reduced at 22 and 32 months. Tie-2 levels were found to be significantly decreased by 32 months compared to 8 months of age, while ephrinB2 was found to be significantly lower at both 22 and 32 months compared to 8 months of age. The increases found in VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2, with the simultaneous decrease of PEDF protein levels, may stimulate an environment that is well suited for neovascularization in the normal aging retina. Overall, these results suggest that normal aging produces substantial changes in gene expression and protein levels.

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The aging of the retina

Cited by 78 publications

References 35 publications

Aging and mfERG topography

Aging and mfERG topography

Gene structure, localization and role in oxidative stress of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) in the monkey retina

Changes in growth factor expression in normal aging of the rat retina

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