The Aging Human Lung: Age-Associated Changes in Structure and Function

Meyer, Keith C.

doi:10.1016/b978-012369391-4/50061-8

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Time is of the essence when assessing and managing a NH resident thought to have an infection. There is high case fatality among NH residents due to pneumonia even when treated with a receptive antibiotic and aggressive pulmonary hygiene (Meyer, 2005).…”

Section: Recommendations Rationale and Supportive Evidence To Improve Quality Of Care To Nh Residentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signs of infection, such as fever in response to a bacterial infection, may be absent or altered, atypically presenting, aging structural and functional changes in the lung result in increased risk for pneumonia (Esme et al., 2019; Gray‐Miceli et al., 2012; Meyer, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, age‐related physiological changes cause atypical presentation of illness (Esme et al., 2019; Gray‐Miceli et al., 2012; refer to Table 1) making infections difficult to detect. A dysregulation of the immune and inflammatory systems also increases incidence of infectious diseases (Meydani, 2010; refer to Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A framework for delivering nursing care to older adults with COVID‐19 in nursing homes

Gray‐Miceli

Rogowski

Cordova

et al. 2021

Public Health Nursing

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Public health emergencies threaten the lives of U.S. citizens, often in disproportionate ways. Hardest hit are vulnerable populations of older adults (OAs) residing in nursing homes (NHs), who comprised nearly 43% of all deaths from COVID‐19 in NHs in 2020. New Jersey (NJ) ranks #2 nationally behind New York with the highest numbers of resident deaths; more than 50% of all COVID‐19‐related deaths in NJ have occurred in NHs. This public health emergency has prompted investigators to evaluate existing structural, resident, process of care, regulatory, and policy characteristics that have impacted the delivery of nursing care within NJ NHs. In this manuscript, we discuss data from NJ NHs during COVID‐19, drawing from publicly available data, state reports, and the geriatric literature to offer recommendations. Based on evidence‐based practices (EBPs), we present a series of recommendations to modify existing contextual factors in NHs to best prepare for the next health disaster.

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Section: Recommendations Rationale and Supportive Evidence To Improve Quality Of Care To Nh Residentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A framework for delivering nursing care to older adults with COVID‐19 in nursing homes

Gray‐Miceli

Rogowski

Cordova

et al. 2021

Public Health Nursing

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“…60 The increase in lung compliance that occurs with advancing age is thought to be, in part, due to structural changes in the lung tissue, particularly the expression, modification, or loss of extracellular matrix proteins responsible for supporting the airway, such as elastin and collagen. 7 Additional ageassociated changes include a decline in mucociliary and cough clearance, which may predispose the elderly host to respiratory infection.…”

Section: Functional Respiratory System Changes Associated With Advancmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 As immune responses and immune regulation wane or change with advanced age (''immunosenescence''), changes also occur in the lung and the chest wall as a consequence of normal aging processes and gradually lead to a decline in measures of lung function. 3,7 Changes in lung structure and function combined with immune senescence likely increase the risk of respiratory tract infection in the elderly, and other factors, such as nutrition and non-pulmonary organ system function, also undoubtedly play a significant role in this increased risk. Although changes in immune cell profiles and acellular components of bronchoalveolar secretions have been detected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from elderly patients who are clinically healthy versus younger individuals, [8][9][10][11][12] the impact of these changes on host defense against respiratory infections is unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immunity and Inflammation in Lung Senescence and Susceptibility to Infection in the Elderly

Meyer

2010

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Advancing age is associated with a decline in the integrity of physical barriers and protection against invading pathogens, and age-related changes in the immune system are associated with increased susceptibility to the emergence of autoimmune phenomena, neoplasia, and infections. Respiratory tract infections can occur at any age, but the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections increases significantly with advanced age such that pneumonia is a leading cause of illness and death in the elderly. Changes in lung physiology and immune function coupled with inflammation induced by environmental exposures or endogenous factors such as predisposition to aspiration may, in part, account for the increase in susceptibility to respiratory infections. Additionally, age-associated alterations in immune regulation ("immunosenescence") with dysregulation of lung homeostasis may allow low-grade inflammatory changes that lead to anatomical and physiological changes that characterize the senescent lung. The presence of disease states in elderly populations, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or nonpulmonary organ system diseases, may increase the likelihood of developing severe respiratory infections. This article examines age-related changes in immune function that predispose elderly individuals to lung remodeling but focuses especially on lower respiratory tract infections. It will discuss risk factors, identify pathogens that typically lead to respiratory infections in the elderly, and review current approaches to treatment and prevention of respiratory infections in the elderly population.

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The Aging Human Lung: Age-Associated Changes in Structure and Function

Cited by 2 publications

References 79 publications

A framework for delivering nursing care to older adults with COVID‐19 in nursing homes

A framework for delivering nursing care to older adults with COVID‐19 in nursing homes

The Role of Immunity and Inflammation in Lung Senescence and Susceptibility to Infection in the Elderly

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