A novel
approach using a zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based surfactant
for the synthesis of spherical copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) has been applied. For the first time, N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate
has been used as stabilizer to control the size and morphology of
Cu2O NPs. Several techniques, such as transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescence spectroscopy,
are used to investigate the size, structure, and optical properties
of synthesized Cu2O nanocrystals. The results indicate
that copper(I) oxide nanoparticles with size in the range of 2 to
45 nm and crystalline structure, exhibit intense yellow fluorescence
(λem = 575 nm). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity studies
show that sulfobetaine-stabilized copper oxide nanoparticles prompt
inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent
manner, however, the adverse effect on the normal cells has also been
observed. The results indicate that the sulfobetaine-stabilized Cu2O, because of their unique properties, have a potential to
be applied in medical fields, such as cancer therapy and bioimaging.