The age-specific burden and household and school-based predictors of child and adolescent tuberculosis infection in rural Uganda

Abstract

Background The age-specific epidemiology of child and adolescent tuberculosis (TB) is poorly understood, especially in rural areas of East Africa. We sought to characterize the age-specific prevalence and predictors of TB infection among children and adolescents living in rural Uganda, and to explore the contribution of household TB exposure on TB infection. Methods From 2015-2016 we placed and read 3,121 tuberculin skin tests (TST) in children (5-11 years old) and adolescents (12-19 years old) participating in a nested household survey in 9 rural Eastern Ugandan communities. TB infection was defined as a positive TST (induration �10mm or �5mm if living with HIV). Age-specific prevalence was estimated using inverse probability weighting to adjust for incomplete measurement. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between TB infection and multi-level predictors. Results The adjusted prevalence of TB infection was 8.5% (95%CI: 6.9-10.4) in children and 16.7% (95% CI:14.0-19.7) in adolescents. Nine percent of children and adolescents with a

Know your tuberculosis epidemic–Is it time to add Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity back into global surveillance?

“…with age-and sex-assortative mixing causing young adults, particularly men, to have increased contact with potentially infectious individuals [23,58]. This is consistent with Mtb infection surveys which show increased ARTI during adolescence and young adulthood [62][63][64], again most marked for men [62].…”

Tuberculosis in Adolescents and Young Adults: Emerging Data on TB Transmission and Prevention among Vulnerable Young People

“…A large case-control study of AYA at boarding schools in China found that index students had a history of significant household exposure but not prior classroom exposure [91]. Community surveillance studies in Uganda and Kenya also identified a higher prevalence of TB infection among AYA who had left school compared with school-going AYA, though only a small proportion of AYA in each study had left school [69,[92][93][94].…”

“…Schools that enroll students from broad catchment areas may face additional challenges in TB prevention. In one community in Uganda, TB infection was more prevalent among AYA who attended distant boarding schools than among AYA who attended community schools [69]. This additional risk may reflect exposures within the boarding schools as well as other exposures encountered during travel.…”

“…In Peru, a prospective study of household and community exposures found that the excess risk of exposure to smear-positive, culture-positive household members led to 58% of TB infections in children aged younger than 1 year, decreasing to 48% in children aged 10 years and 44% in children aged 15 years [67]. Studies in Uganda and South Africa found no significant association between household contact and risk of TB infection among older AYA [68,69]. In India, adolescents aged 15-18 years and people aged 19-45 years had a similar risk of TB infection after household exposure [70].…”

Pengaruh Health Coaching terhadap Peningkatan Perilaku Pencegahan Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Tegal

“…Kelompok remaja yang berisiko mengalami penularan tuberkulosis dikarenakan rendahnya pengetahuan yang dimiliki remaja tentang bahaya penyakit tuberkulosis. Selain itu, faktor lain yang memberikan kontribusi adanya penularan penyakit tuberkulosis pada kelompok remaja karena faktor lingkungan yang berada di daerah pedesaan dengan akses informasi yang dak berdekatan dengan pusat pelayanan Kesehatan (Marquez et al, 2020). Akibat yang dapat terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan yaitu dak mengenali manifestasi klinis dari penyakit tuberkulosis sehingga dak segera mendapatkan penanganan dan upaya pencegahan tuberkulosis agar dak menular pada keluarga atau orang lain (Chiang et al, 2020).…”