The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent

Huang, Ying Zu; Chen, Rou‐Shayn; Rothwell, John C.; Wen, Huang

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.01.021

Cited by 493 publications

(380 citation statements)

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“…In particular, continuous TBS (cTBS) has been shown to have a similar but longer effect to that of slow rTMS (that is, inhibitory) when applied to the motor cortexF20 s of stimulation may result in a lasting effect of up to 20 min, and 40 s of stimulation up to 60 min. This long-lasting inhibitory effect of cTBS has been replicated by several groups over the primary motor area (Huang et al, 2007a), the premotor area (Koch et al, 2007;Mochizuki et al, 2005), the primary sensory area (Schabrun et al, 2008), the primary visual areas (Franca et al, 2006), the frontal eye field (Hubl et al, 2008), and the DLPFC (Vallesi et al, 2007). Furthermore, cTBS inhibits the BOLD fMRI signal for over 30 min when applied to the frontal eye field (Hubl et al, 2008).…”

Section: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease

Leh

Petrides

Strafella

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

169

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In our constantly changing environment, we are frequently faced with altered circumstances requiring generation and monitoring of appropriate strategies, when novel plans of action must be formulated and conducted. The abilities that we call upon to respond accurately to novel situations are referred to as 'executive functions', and are frequently engaged to deal with conditions in which routine activation of behavior would not be sufficient for optimal performance. Here, we summarize important findings that may help us understand executive functions and their underlying neuronal correlates. We focus particularly on observations from imaging technology, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, position emission tomography, diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which in the past few years have provided the bulk of information on the neurobiological underpinnings of the executive functions. Further, emphasis will be placed on recent insights from Parkinson's disease (PD), in which the underlying dopaminergic abnormalities have provided new exciting information into basic molecular mechanisms of executive dysfunction, and which may help to disentangle the cortical/subcortical networks involved in executive processes.

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Section: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease

Leh

Petrides

Strafella

2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

169

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“…Experiment 2 investigated whether cTBS would produce behaviorally relevant aftereffects in a psychophysical task. Since cTBS reduces cortical excitability (Huang et al 2007), one may predict that it will lead to a reduction in the strength of the perceptual signal. Nevertheless, at least one study has observed performance improvements after cTBS to the occipital cortex (Waterston and Pack 2010), so we also entertained the possibility that cTBS could lead to an increase in signal variability.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One recently developed variant of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS;Huang et al 2005), has shown promise because of its rapid application (Ͻ1 min), its ability to produce behavioral effects for up to 1 h after stimulation, and its connection to known neuronal mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation and depression (LTD). Indeed, research has shown that cTBS reduces motor cortical excitability in a manner consistent with LTD effects (Allen et al 2007;Di Lazzaro et al 2005Gentner et al 2008;Huang et al 2005Huang et al , 2007.When applied to the occipital cortex, cTBS has been found to increase phosphene thresholds (PTs), such that higher stimulation intensity is needed to produce conscious visual experience (Franca et al 2006). One possibility is that such an increase in PTs is, at least in part, due to decreased connectivity between areas in the early visual cortex, which would make the Here we tested for this possibility by investigating the resting state connectivity between retinotopically defined regions in the early visual cortex after occipital application of cTBS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces resting state connectivity between visual areas

Rahnev

Kok

Munneke

et al. 2013

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Research to date has focused on the effect of cTBS on the target area, but less is known about its effects on the resting state functional connectivity between different brain regions. We investigated this issue by applying cTBS to the occipital cortex and probing its influence in retinotopically defined regions in early visual cortex using functional MRI. We found that occipital cTBS reliably decreased the resting state functional connectivity (i.e., the correlation of spontaneous activity) between regions of the early visual cortex. In the context of a perceptual task, such an effect could mean that cTBS affects the strength of the perceptual signal, its variability, or both. We investigated this issue in a second experiment in which subjects performed a perceptual discrimination task and indicated their level of certainty on each trial. The results showed that occipital cTBS decreased both subjects' accuracy and confidence. Signal detection modeling suggested that these impairments resulted primarily from a decreased strength of the perceptual signal, with a nonsignificant trend of a decrease in signal variability. We discuss the implications of these experiments for understanding the mechanisms by which cTBS influences brain activity and perceptual processes. cTBS; fMRI; visual cortex; perception; resting state connectivity; signal detection theory REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC stimulation is a popular technique used to transiently affect neural activity in a noninvasive manner. One recently developed variant of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS;Huang et al. 2005), has shown promise because of its rapid application (Ͻ1 min), its ability to produce behavioral effects for up to 1 h after stimulation, and its connection to known neuronal mechanisms, such as long-term potentiation and depression (LTD). Indeed, research has shown that cTBS reduces motor cortical excitability in a manner consistent with LTD effects (Allen et al. 2007;Di Lazzaro et al. 2005Gentner et al. 2008;Huang et al. 2005Huang et al. , 2007.When applied to the occipital cortex, cTBS has been found to increase phosphene thresholds (PTs), such that higher stimulation intensity is needed to produce conscious visual experience (Franca et al. 2006). One possibility is that such an increase in PTs is, at least in part, due to decreased connectivity between areas in the early visual cortex, which would make the Here we tested for this possibility by investigating the resting state connectivity between retinotopically defined regions in the early visual cortex after occipital application of cTBS. We identified areas V1, V2, and V3 as three separate regions of interest (ROIs) and found that cTBS decreased the resting state functional connectivity between each pair of regions. In separate analyses, we separated the left and right hemisphere of each of these areas and observed that cTBS decreased the inter-and intrahemispheric resting state connectivity between these retinotopically defined re...

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“…There is evidence from animal models that rTMS may increase the mRNA and protein expression of NMDAR 43. A human study confirmed that after‐effects of rTMS (theta burst stimulation) are linked to the function of the NMDAR 44. Moreover, animal and behavioral studies45, 46, 47, 48, 49 provide compelling evidence that rTMS alters synaptic plasticity of hippocampal areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Altered paired associative stimulation‐induced plasticity in NMDAR encephalitis

Volz

Finke

Harms

et al. 2016

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo determine whether neurophysiological mechanisms indicating cortical excitability, long‐term potentiation (LTP)‐like plasticity, GABAergic and glutamatergic function are altered in patients with anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and whether they can be helpful as markers of diagnostic assessment, disease progression, and potentially therapy response.MethodsNeurophysiological characterizations of patients with NMDAR encephalitis (n = 34, mean age: 28 ± 11 years; 30 females) and age/gender‐matched healthy controls (n = 27, 28.5 ± 10 years; 25 females) were performed using transcranial magnetic stimulation‐derived protocols including resting motor threshold, recruitment curve, intracortical facilitation, short intracortical inhibition, and cortical silent period. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) was applied to assess LTP‐like mechanisms which are mediated through NMDAR. Moreover, resting state functional connectivity was determined using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Results PAS‐induced plasticity differed significantly between groups (P = 0.0056). Cortical excitability, as assessed via motor‐evoked potentials after PAS, decreased in patients, whereas it increased in controls indicating malfunctioning of NMDAR in encephalitis patients. Lower PAS‐induced plasticity significantly correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (r = −0.41; P = 0.0031) and was correlated with lower functional connectivity within the motor network in NMDAR encephalitis patients (P < 0.001, uncorrected). Other neurophysiological parameters were not significantly different between groups. Follow‐up assessments were available in six patients and demonstrated parallel improvement of PAS‐induced plasticity and mRS.InterpretationAssessment of PAS‐induced plasticity may help to determine NMDAR dysfunction and disease severity in NMDAR encephalitis, and might even aid as a sensitive, noninvasive, and well‐tolerated “electrophysiological biomarker” to monitor therapy response in the future.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: Identifier: NCT01865578

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The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent

Cited by 493 publications

References 19 publications

The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease

The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease

Continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces resting state connectivity between visual areas

Altered paired associative stimulation‐induced plasticity in NMDAR encephalitis

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