The Afro-American Elite, 1930-1940: A Historical and Statistical Profile

McBride, David; Little, Monroe H.

doi:10.2307/274716

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Most of the newly formed black middle-class worked in medicine, dentistry, and law, and others worked with universities, churches, usually Episcopal, Congregational, Presbyterian, or Catholic, or they were entrepreneurs (Graham 1999;Jackson and Stewart 2003;McBride and Little 1981). Two main factors that facilitated an increase in the size of the early black middle-class were the new northern jobs that were created through industrialization and the urbanization that resulted in the occupational differentiation between blue-collar and white-collar jobs and increased entrepreneurialism, which increased access to capital (Frazier 1957;Durant and Louden 1986;Jackson and Stewart 2003).…”

Section: The Emergence Of the Early Black Middle-classmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 1930s, they relocated to the Midwest and it became the dominant region for new black middle-class births by 1940 (Frazier 1955;Graham 1999;McBride and Little 1981). Frazier (1955) explains that Jim Crow policies in the South resulted in limited opportunities for black people so much so that it led them to relocate the 'capital of the black middle-class' from Durham to Detroit.…”

Section: The Emergence Of the Early Black Middle-classmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the Civil War, white religious groups opened schools for black people and abolitionist fundraising attracted black and white teachers to the South to establish secondary schools and colleges (Frazier 1957;Graham 1999;McBride and Little 1981).…”

Section: Black College Students and The Foundation Of Black Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…War there was an upsurge in educational opportunities as black colleges were developing their programs and the black middle-class had access to advanced and professional degrees (McBride and Little 1981). World War I military service disrupted this increase in overall educational attainment because while some black people were obtaining advanced degrees others stopped early and opted instead to join the military (McBride and Little 1981).…”

Section: Black College Students and The Foundation Of Black Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…World War I military service disrupted this increase in overall educational attainment because while some black people were obtaining advanced degrees others stopped early and opted instead to join the military (McBride and Little 1981). Also, during the late 1920s there was a decline in educational attainment due to the Great Depression, higher admission standards, and the closing of several black medical programs (McBride and Little 1981).…”

Section: Black College Students and The Foundation Of Black Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On and Off the Stage at Atlanta Greek Picnic: Performances of Collective Black Middle-Class Identities and the Politics of Belonging

Smith¹

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This dissertation presents a thick ethnography that engages in the micro-analysis of the situationality of black middle-class collective identification processes through an examination of performances by members of the nine historically black sororities and fraternities at Atlanta Greek Picnic, an annual festival that occurs at the beginning of June in Atlanta, Georgia. It mainly attracts undergraduate and graduate members of these university-based organizations, as they exist all over the United States. This exploration of black Greek-letter organization (BGLO) performances uncovers processes through which young black middle-class individuals attempt to combine two universes that are at first glance in complete opposition to each other: the domain of the traditional black middle-class values with representations and fashions stemming from black popular culture. These constructions also attempt to incorporate-in a contradiction of sortsblack popular cultural elements in the objective to deconstruct the social conservatism that characterizes middle-class values, particularly in relation to sexuality and its representation in social behaviors and performances. This negotiation between prescribed v middle-class values of respectability and black popular culture provides a space wherein black individuals challenge and/or perpetuate those dominant tropes through identity performances that feed into the formation of black sexual politics, which I examine through a variety of BGLO staged and non-staged performances.

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Section: The Emergence Of the Early Black Middle-classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Emergence Of the Early Black Middle-classmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Black College Students and The Foundation Of Black Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Black College Students and The Foundation Of Black Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Black College Students and The Foundation Of Black Fraternalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On and Off the Stage at Atlanta Greek Picnic: Performances of Collective Black Middle-Class Identities and the Politics of Belonging

Smith¹

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Class and Conservatism in the Black Community

Welch

Foster

1987

American Politics Quarterly

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Is there a growing middle-class conservative movement in black America? Previous attempts to analyze conservatism in the black community have been plagued with several problems, among them small black sample sizes in national surveys. This article tests three hypotheses about the relationship of class to conservatism in the black community using a national sample of 1,067 blacks and 1,414 whites. The major findings were that (a) on social welfare issues, the black middle class is more conservative than the black lower class, but the cleavage in the black community is smaller than in the white one; (b) on affirmative action, the black middle class appears to be more conservative than the black lower class, but this conclusion must be hedged with several caveats; and (c) at each income level, blacks are substantially more liberal than whites on each issue examined.There has been growing speculation that middle-class blacks are becoming more conservative. Observers, such as William J. Wilson (1978) and Thomas Sowell (198 1), point to the increasing impact of class on black political behavior and attitudes. This impact is thought to have created a widening gulf between middle-class blacks, who are doing relatively well and whose opportunities are widening, and lower class blacks, whose condition is worsening as unemployment increases, rates of illegitimacy spiral, and poverty deepens (

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The Origins of Contemporary Eminent Black Americans: A Three-Generation Analysis of Social Origin

Mullins¹,

Sites²

1984

American Sociological Review

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The Afro-American Elite, 1930-1940: A Historical and Statistical Profile

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

On and Off the Stage at Atlanta Greek Picnic: Performances of Collective Black Middle-Class Identities and the Politics of Belonging

On and Off the Stage at Atlanta Greek Picnic: Performances of Collective Black Middle-Class Identities and the Politics of Belonging

Class and Conservatism in the Black Community

The Origins of Contemporary Eminent Black Americans: A Three-Generation Analysis of Social Origin

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