The African Swine Fever Isolate ASFV-Kenya-IX-1033 Is Highly Virulent and Stable after Propagation in the Wild Boar Cell Line WSL

Hemmink, Johanneke D.; Abkallo, Hussein M.; Henson, Sonal P.; Khazalwa, Emmanuel Mulaya; Oduor, Bernard; Lacasta, Anna; Okoth, Edward; Riitho, Victor; Fuchs, Walter; Bishop, Richard P.; Steinaa, Lucilla

doi:10.3390/v14091912

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In our study, all pigs survived to day 23 days post ASFV infection, then all the animals were euthanised. The animals in this study displayed clinical signs that are similar to the low dose group (1 HAD 50 ) reported by Hemmink, clinical signs were much milder than the titer of 10 2 HAD 50 ( Hemmink et al , 2022 ). ASFV is known to infect pigs of all ages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of pigs infected with non-lethal African swine fever virus

Feng,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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African swine fever (ASF) is an important viral disease of swine caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which threatens swine production profoundly. To better understand the gene expression changes when pig infected with ASFV, RNA sequencing was performed to characterize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of six tissues from Kenya domestic pigs and Landrace × Yorkshire (L/Y) pigs infected with ASFV Kenya1033 in vivo. As results, a total of 209, 522, 34, 505, 634 and 138 DEGs (q-value < 0.05 and |Log2foldchange| values >2) were detected in the kidney, liver, mesenteric lymph node, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, submandibular lymph node and spleen, respectively. The expression profiles of DEGs shared in the multiple tissues illustrated variation in regulation function in the different tissues. Functional annotation analysis and interaction of proteins encoded by DEGs revealed that genes including IFIT1, IFITM1, MX1, OASL, ISG15, SAMHD1, IFINA1, S100A12 and S100A8 enriched in the immune and antivirus pathways were significantly changed when the hosts were infected with ASFV. The genes mentioned could play crucial roles in the process of the reaction to non-lethal ASF infection, which may will help to improve the ASF tolerance in the pig population through molecular breeding strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of pigs infected with non-lethal African swine fever virus

Feng,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

Genet. Mol. Biol.

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“…The essential roles of MGF proteins in in vivo infections, virulence and immune escape have been demonstrated repeatedly [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. It should be noted that strains BA71V and ASFV-Kenya-IX-1033 contain deletions of some genes of MGF110, MGF360 and MGF505, in contrast to ASFV strains K49, Georgia 2010 and Malawi Lil-20/1 [ 29 , 37 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. This issue requires a more detailed study in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deletion of the CD2 Gene in the Virulent ASFV Congo Strain Affects Viremia in Domestic Swine, but Not the Virulence

Koltsov,

Krutko,

Kholod

et al. 2023

Animals

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African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious disease that causes the most significant losses to the pig industry. One of the effective methods for combating this disease could be the development of vaccines. To date, experimental vaccines based on the use of live attenuated strains of the ASF virus (ASFV) obtained by the deletion of viral genes responsible for virulence are the most effective. Deletion of the EP402R gene encoding a CD2-like protein led to the attenuation of various strains of the ASFV, although the degree of attenuation varies among different isolates. Here we have shown that the deletion of the EP402R gene from the genome of a high-virulent Congo isolate did not change either the virulence of the virus or its ability to replicate in the swine macrophage cell cultures in vitro. However, in vivo, animals infected with ΔCongo-v_CD2v had a delay in the onset of the disease and viremia compared to animals infected with the parental strain. Thus, deletion of the CD2 gene in different isolates of the ASFV has a different effect on the virulence of the virus, depending on its genetic background.

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“…The virus was adapted to efficient growth in cell culture through 21 serial passages on WSL cells. The genotype IX isolate ASFV Kenya 1033 55 , 75 was kindly provided by Richard Bishop (International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya). The mutant ASFV Kenya 1033 ΔCD2v dsRed containing a reporter gene expression cassette at the deleted CD2v (EP402R) gene locus 55 , 56 was kindly provided by Günther M. Keil (FLI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-classical major histocompatibility complex II protein SLA-DM is crucial for African swine fever virus replication

Pannhorst,

Carlson,

Hölper

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a lethal animal pathogen that enters its host cells through endocytosis. So far, host factors specifically required for ASFV replication have been barely identified. In this study a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in porcine cells indicated that the genes RFXANK, RFXAP, SLA-DMA, SLA-DMB, and CIITA are important for productive ASFV infection. The proteins encoded by these genes belong to the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II), or swine leucocyte antigen complex II (SLA II). RFXAP and CIITA are MHC II-specific transcription factors, whereas SLA-DMA/B are subunits of the non-classical MHC II molecule SLA-DM. Targeted knockout of either of these genes led to severe replication defects of different ASFV isolates, reflected by substantially reduced plating efficiency, cell-to-cell spread, progeny virus titers and viral DNA replication. Transgene-based reconstitution of SLA-DMA/B fully restored the replication capacity demonstrating that SLA-DM, which resides in late endosomes, plays a crucial role during early steps of ASFV infection.

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The African Swine Fever Isolate ASFV-Kenya-IX-1033 Is Highly Virulent and Stable after Propagation in the Wild Boar Cell Line WSL

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of pigs infected with non-lethal African swine fever virus

Transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression changes of pigs infected with non-lethal African swine fever virus

Deletion of the CD2 Gene in the Virulent ASFV Congo Strain Affects Viremia in Domestic Swine, but Not the Virulence

The non-classical major histocompatibility complex II protein SLA-DM is crucial for African swine fever virus replication

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