The affect-regulation function of nonsuicidal self-injury in eating-disordered patients: which affect states are regulated?

Claes, Laurence; Klonsky, E. David; Muehlenkamp, Jennifer J.; Kuppens, Peter; Vandereycken, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.001

Cited by 124 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While most university students with a history of NSSI (74.1%) began to self-injure in adolescence (between 11 and 17 years of age), less (18.5%) reported initiating in childhood (before age 11) and even fewer (7.4%) initiated as young adults (18 years or older). As was the case in other studies, the most common self-injury behavior was cutting (Claes, Klonsky, Muehlenkamp, Kuppens, & Vandereycken, 2010;Klonsky, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Non-suicidal self-injuries in a sample of Mexican university students

Silva

Benjet

García

et al. 2017

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Introduction. Non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSI) are a worldwide health problem that affects principally young people, and can impact negatively the mental and physical health of those that self-injure. Objective. To examine the frequency of NSSI in 564 undergraduate students (132 male, 432 female) from Mexico City and the association of NSSI with depressive symptoms, anxiety, impulsivity, self-efficacy, and emotion regulation. Method. A convenience sample of 564 undergraduate students (aged 17-26 years) from eight universities in the Mexico City metropolitan area completed a survey in their classrooms. Results. Of the total sample, 30.9% had experimented at some point in their lifetime with NSSI on one to four occasions, while 26.9% had recurrent NSSI (i.e., five or more occasions). Nearly eleven percent self-injured in the prior 12 months. The NSSI most often reported among those who self-injured was cutting oneself (48.0%). Recurrent self-injurers reported higher levels of depression and impulsivity, and less self-efficacy than those who had experimented with such behaviors or without any lifetime NSSI. While 54.4% perceived the need for professional help, only 18.1% sought professional services. Discussion and conclusion. NSSI is a hidden problem in the college population in Mexico City which needs to be addressed by university administrators and mental health professionals. Depressive symptomatology, impulsivity, and self-efficacy are factors that should be considered when developing preventive intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Non-suicidal self-injuries in a sample of Mexican university students

Silva

Benjet

García

et al. 2017

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“…Given that negative valence/high arousal emotions such as anger and hostility are particularly relevant to daily acts of NSSI (Armey et al, 2011;Claes, Klonsky, Muehlenkamp, Kuppens, & Vandereycken, 2010), we created a composite daily Negative Affect score by creating within-person standardized (z) scores indicating average daily Valence and Calmness scores across the three diary periods, and then taking the mean of these two z-scored variables to create a composite score. Thus, scores >0 indicate more negatively valenced and higher arousal affect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of interpersonal conflict and perceived social support in nonsuicidal self-injury in daily life.

Turner¹,

Cobb²,

Gratz³

et al. 2016

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

111

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Although accumulating microlongitudinal research has examined emotion regulatory models of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), few studies have examined how interpersonal contingencies influence daily NSSI behavior. Participants with repeated NSSI (N = 60) provided daily ratings of perceived social support, interpersonal conflict, and NSSI urges and behaviors for 14 days. Consistent with interpersonal models of NSSI, we hypothesized that participants would be more likely to engage in NSSI on days when they experienced high levels of interpersonal conflict, that NSSI acts that were revealed to others would be followed by desirable interpersonal changes (i.e., greater support, less conflict), and that these interpersonal changes would, in turn, predict stronger NSSI urges and more frequent NSSI behavior. Consistent with hypotheses, daily conflict was associated with stronger same-day NSSI urges and greater likelihood of NSSI acts. Perceived support increased following NSSI acts that had been revealed to others, but not unrevealed NSSI acts. This perceived support was, in turn, associated with a stronger NSSI urges and greater likelihood of engaging in NSSI on the following day. Moreover, participants whose NSSI was revealed to others engaged in more total NSSI acts during the diary period than those whose NSSI was not revealed to others. Inconsistent with hypotheses, interpersonal conflict did not decrease following NSSI, regardless of whether or not these acts were revealed to others. Together, these results provide preliminary support for interpersonal reinforcement models of NSSI and highlight the importance of expanding research in this area to include interpersonal contingencies that may influence this behavior.

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“…For the most part, individuals recall that high-activation negative emotions are significantly decreased after NSSI [53,55,56,58,59]. One exception to this is the frequent endorsement of an increase in shame [56] and guilt [60].…”

Section: Negative Activation and Nssimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In studies relying upon retrospective recall, individuals report a variety of high-activation negative emotions prior to NSSI including tension [52], anxiety [53], nervousness [53], anger [14,53,54,55,56], sadness [14,55,57], frustration [56,57] and self-hatred [55]. For the most part, individuals recall that high-activation negative emotions are significantly decreased after NSSI [53,55,56,58,59].…”

Section: Negative Activation and Nssimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: An Emotion Regulation Perspective

2014

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Background: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is widely thought to serve an emotion-regulatory function. Method: The focus of the present paper is to provide a conceptual framework for understanding how NSSI might modify a person's emotions. Results: Drawing upon the process model of emotion regulation, we argue that 5 families of emotion regulation strategies may be engaged by NSSI. Individuals may engage in NSSI as an alternative to more distressing situations. They also may use NSSI to modify their social environment. Individuals may shift their attention away from unpleasant emotions or thoughts via NSSI. NSSI may change cognitions about the self via self-punishment or transformation of the self from higher-order to lower-order awareness. NSSI may also bring about various physiological effects, such as changes in endogenous opioids or parasympathetic nervous system activation, as a way of modulating emotional responses. Conclusion: Simply labeling NSSI as ‘emotion regulatory' does not tell us precisely what is going on. This is because at any given moment, NSSI can serve to regulate emotions in many different ways. One key challenge is to clarify the precise functions NSSI may be serving for a given individual in a particular context.

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The affect-regulation function of nonsuicidal self-injury in eating-disordered patients: which affect states are regulated?

Cited by 124 publications

References 28 publications

Non-suicidal self-injuries in a sample of Mexican university students

Non-suicidal self-injuries in a sample of Mexican university students

The role of interpersonal conflict and perceived social support in nonsuicidal self-injury in daily life.

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: An Emotion Regulation Perspective

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