The Affect on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Recovery for Ultrasound with Bee Venom

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether ultrasound alone or ultrasound with bee venom is effective in treating delayed onset muscle soreness of the biceps brachii muscle, using the visual analogue scale, range of motion test (flexion and extension), and serum creatine kinase level. [Subjects] Twenty women participated in this study. [Methods] Repeated eccentric contractions were used to induce delayed onset muscle soreness in the elbow flexor of the subjects. The subjects were randomized to be treated with ultrasound alone or ultrasound with bee venom. We evaluated the effects of treatments in the 2 groups. Individual subjects were assessed using the visual analogue scale, range of motion test, and serum creatine kinase level. The assessment parameters were evaluated 4 times: before exercise and 24, 48, and 72 hours after exercise. [Results] The visual analogue scale scores were significantly different before and after the experiment in both the group treated with ultrasound and the group treated with ultrasound and bee venom. The difference in elbow flexion and extension before and after the experiment was significantly different in both groups. No significant difference was found in the serum creatine kinase levels before and after the experiment. [Conclusion] Treatment with ultrasound and bee venom is effective for managing delayed onset muscle soreness.

Intramuscular Perfusion Response in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): A Quantitative Analysis with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)

“…Using the CEUS method, we were able to demonstrate significant changes in the analysis of perfusion quantification. The data obtained in this study provide evidence for the presence of DOMS at 60 h following eccentric exercise; 48-72 h has commonly been considered the window for the appearance of DOMS symptoms [2,23,33]. We are aware of inter-individual differences in DOMS expression and CK change, which have already been described in several studies; muscle damage is known to be accompanied by the release of enzymes such as CK [15,24].…”

“…DOMS might be associated with ultrastructural muscle lesions that occur after unaccustomed exercise, especially after eccentric exercise [2]. This indirect muscle damage is associated with intramuscular oedema and raised CK levels, furthermore it causes pain, increased muscle tone [45] and decreased range of motion of adjacent joints [23]. DOMS is one of the most common reasons for impaired muscle performance in sports and is associated with reduced muscle strength and frequently observed in both professional and recreational athletes [23,33].…”

“…This indirect muscle damage is associated with intramuscular oedema and raised CK levels, furthermore it causes pain, increased muscle tone [45] and decreased range of motion of adjacent joints [23]. DOMS is one of the most common reasons for impaired muscle performance in sports and is associated with reduced muscle strength and frequently observed in both professional and recreational athletes [23,33]. Consequently, knowledge about the pathophysiological reactions of muscle regeneration and healing responses will contribute to further therapeutic strategies and recovery interventions [27].…”

“…Muscle injuries are one of the most common injuries occurring in sports, accounting for up to 10 to 55 % of all the sustained injuries [22] and often hinder an athlete from regularly participating in training or competition. One of the most common reasons for impaired muscle performance and complaints in sports is delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which can be induced by high-load muscle contractions or unaccustomed exercises and is accompanied by acute inflammatory pain, oedematous swelling, muscle stiffness, limited range of motion and reduced muscle strength [23,29,33]. DOMS is an entity of ultrastructural muscle injury and is classified as an overexertion-functional muscle disorder type Ib according to the "Munich consensus statement" [29].…”

Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Part I: Pathogenesis and Diagnostics

“…DOMS is associated with increased creatine kinase (CK) activity levels, which can be seen as an indirect marker of muscle damage, as CK is almost expressed in muscle tissues and is released into the circulation according to a loss of sarcolemmal integrity (i. e., due to an increased damage or permeability of the plasmamembrane). These processes are due to the mechanical stress of eccentric exercise or metabolic causes like glycogen depletion [8,11,35,49]. In addition to CK, a wide range of diverse biomarkers can be assessed.…”