The advance anticancer role of polymeric core‐shell ZnO nanoparticles containing oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer

Abstract

We evaluated the activity of core‐shell ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs@polymer shell) containing Oxaliplatin via polymerization through in vitro studies and in vivo mouse models of colorectal cancer. ZnO NPs were synthesized in situ when the polymerization step was completed by co‐precipitation. Gadolinium coordinated‐ZnONPs@polymer shell (ZnO‐Gd NPs@polymer shell) was synthesized by exploiting Gd's oxophilicity (III). The biophysical properties of the NPs were studied using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), field emission electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and z‐potential. (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)−2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) was used to determine the antiproliferative activity of ZnO‐Gd‐OXA. Moreover, a xenograft mouse model of colon cancer was exerted to survey its antitumor activity and effect on tumor growth. In the following, the model was also evaluated by histological staining (H‐E; Hematoxylin & Eosin and trichrome staining) and gene expression analyses through the application of RT‐PCR/ELISA, which included biochemical evaluation (MDA, thiols, SOD, CAT). The formation of ZnO NPs, which contained a crystallite size of 16.8 nm, was confirmed by the outcomes of the PXRD analysis. The Plate‐like morphology and presence of Pt were obtained in EDX outcomes. TEM analysis displayed the attained ZnO NPs in a spherical shape and a diameter of 33 ± 8.5 nm, while the hydrodynamic sizes indicated that the particles were highly aggregated. The biological results demonstrated that ZnO‐Gd‐OXA inhibited tumor growth by inducing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting fibrosis, warranting further research on this novel colorectal cancer treatment agent.

Nano-sized warriors: zinc chromium vanadate nanoparticles as a dual solution for eradicating waterborne enterobacteriaceae and fighting cancer

“…ZnO nanoparticles conjugated with N-succinyl chitosan showed strong anticancer activities on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) by inducing apoptotic action ( Ghaffari et al, 2020 ). The treatment of ZnO nanoparticles containing Oxaliplatin via polymerization showed strong anticancer action on colorectal cancer cells, as examined in both in vitro studies and in vivo mouse models ( Alavi et al, 2023 ). In addition, the treatment of pure ZnO nanoparticles and doped with molybdenum and graphene oxide nanoparticles showed anticancer activity on the human colon (HCT116) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells, and anticancer action was mediated through reactive oxygen species, p53, and the caspase-3 pathway ( Ahamed et al, 2022 ).…”

Emerging Trends in the Application of Green Synthesized Biocompatible ZnO Nanoparticles for Translational Paradigm in Cancer Therapy

“…These nanoparticles could cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain, causing oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation in neural cells. These neurotoxic effects raised concerns regarding their potential impact on the overall system's overall health [116].…”

Biosynthesis of ZnO.Ag2O3 using aqueous extract of Haplophyllum obtusifolium: Characterization and cell toxicity activity against liver carcinoma cells

“…Another study utilizing the green method for the fabrication of silver-zinc oxide nanocomposite showed that the mean diameter was 62.5 nm and synthesized NCs have toxic effects against cancer cells [89]. According to researches, ZnO NPs' selective cell toxicity against cancerous cells can be the consequence of the pH-dependent dissolution of ZnO into Zn 2+ ions under an acidic intracellular environs, which can lead to oxidative stress due to generation of ROS [90][91][92][93]. ROS could also facilitate cell death using external apoptosis and necrosis [94].…”