The adsorption of salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid and atenolol from aqueous solutions onto natural zeolites and clays: Clinoptilolite, bentonite and kaolin

Impacts of compound properties and sediment characteristics on the sorption behaviour of pharmaceuticals in aquatic systems

“…The main suggested sorption mechanisms of atenolol in the literature are electrochemical interaction and ion exchange [29,41,49,50] and could be via charge transfer interaction due to the structure of the molecule, with its electron donor atoms (two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen form OH group) or hydrogen bonding interaction [49,56]. Schaffer et al [41] found that 99% of the total sorption of atenolol was by cation exchange interaction.…”

Transition metal modified and partially calcined inorganic–organic pillared clays for the adsorption of salicylic acid, clofibric acid, carbamazepine, and caffeine from water

“…Recent initiatives to address the removal of PPCPs with minimal energy input or unwanted side products include adsorption processes [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Until recently, much of the effort made to advance water treatment adsorption processes has been focused on the removal of metals and other contaminants from water [44,45].…”

Mechanisms of removal of three widespread pharmaceuticals by two clay materials

“…Among some of the adsorbents studied, clay-based materials have received some attention [18][19][20][21] due to their interesting properties such as the high cation exchange capacity, swelling properties providing increased specific surface areas (although swelling may also negatively impact their hydraulic conductivity in filtration applications), as well as their wide availability. Some of the most common types of clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, sepiolite, bentonite) have already been tested for the removal of a variety of organic micropollutants [16,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…Some of the most common types of clay minerals (kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, vermiculite, sepiolite, bentonite) have already been tested for the removal of a variety of organic micropollutants [16,[21][22][23][24][25]. In addition to the naturally occurring non-processed clay materials, modifications of some clay minerals have also been studied to improve their sorption properties.…”

“…Although adsorption assays targeting pharmaceuticals are less abundant than for other classes of organic pollutants (such as pesticides, PAHs, dyes or phenolic compounds), there is a general perception from the available literature that many clay materials may be effective for the removal of most pharmaceuticals from water [16,[21][22][23][24][41][42][43][44][45][46]. However, not much data is currently available on the use of these two materials, LECA and exfoliated vermiculite in particular, for the latter type of application.…”