The Adsorption of Phage to Group N Streptococci. The Specificity of Adsorption and the Location of Phage Receptor Substances in Cell-wall and Plasma-membrane Fractions

Oram, J. D.; Reiter, B.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-3-1-103

Cited by 55 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They believe that some membrane sites may protrude through the wall and act as receptors for Strep. lactis bacteriophage, which Oram and Reiter (1968) found adsorbs to the membrane. This would be analogous to the plasma-membrane bridges described by Bayer (1968).…”

Section: B Surface Structures Of Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Membrane

Saltón

1971

Biomembranes

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Section: B Surface Structures Of Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacterial Membrane

Saltón

1971

Biomembranes

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“…This suggestion was based on an electron microscopic study of the surface of lactococci, which showed the plasma membrane protruding through holes in the cell wall (23), and the discovery of a phage-inactivating substance in the plasma membrane fraction of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ML3 (32,33).Our laboratory has characterized phage receptors on the surface of two strains of L. lactis (44,46 …”

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confidence: 99%

Cloning of a chromosomal gene required for phage infection of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2

et al. 1993

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A phage-resistant mutant with a defect in a membrane component required for phage infections in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2 was transformed with a chromosomal library of the wild-ype, phagesensitive strain. Of the 4,200 transformants screened for phage sensitivity, three were positively identified as phage sensitive. A cause-and-effect relationship between the cloned chromosomal fragments and the phagesensitive phenotype was established on the basis of the following two criteria: (i) the frequency of loss of the cloned fragments in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure correlated with the frequency of loss of phage sensitivity; and (ii) phage sensitivity was transferred to 100% of recipient, phage-resistant cells transformed with the cloned fragment. The cloned chromosomal DNA from the three independent isolates was physically mapped with restriction endonucleases. The sizes of the cloned fragments were 9.6, 11.8, and 9.5 kb. Each fragment contained an identical stretch of DNA common to all three, which was 9.4 kb. The gene that conferred phage sensitivity was localized by subcloning to a 4.5-kb region. Further The specific adsorption of bacteriophages to host cell surface components has been well characterized in many bacteria. In Escherichia coli, for example, phages adsorb to oligosaccharides and proteins exposed on the outer surface of the host cell (40,54). Following adsorption, the mechanism of phage DNA translocation across the plasma membrane is less well understood, although host cell components required for this process have been identified (7,19), and a mechanism involving plasma membrane ion channels is likely in the case of phage T5 (5,20).Lactococci are gram-positive bacteria and have cell walls that are much thicker than those of gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli. Because of this, phages of lactococci and other gram-positive bacteria generally adsorb to the cell wall prior to interaction with the membrane (3, 28). However, it has been suggested that lactococcal phages may adsorb directly to the plasma membrane (32). This suggestion was based on an electron microscopic study of the surface of lactococci, which showed the plasma membrane protruding through holes in the cell wall (23), and the discovery of a phage-inactivating substance in the plasma membrane fraction of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ML3 (32,33).Our laboratory has characterized phage receptors on the surface of two strains of L. lactis (44,46

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“…On the other hand, the phage receptor material of grampositive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus [14], Streptococci [12], Bacillus subtills [17], have been investigated and, in S. aureus and B. subtilis, it was shown that the cell wall teichoic acid [3,8] or some moiety of the teichoic acid [2,15] was essential for phage adsorption. The study of the phage receptor material of Lactobacillus casei was undertaken because L. casei has no teichoic acid in its cell wall and little is known about its phage receptor material.…”

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Phage Receptor Material in Lactobacillus casei Cell Wall

Yokokura

1971

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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A trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble fraction, extracted using cold TCA, was derived from the cell wall of Lactobacillus casei strain S-1. It not only inhibited the adsorption of phage J-1 but also de-orbed these phages, in their active form, which had previously been adsorbed onto the cell walls. L-Rhamnose, one of the components of this TCAsoluble fraction, had an identical activity to this TCA-soluble fraction, on phage adsorption. This suggested that L-rhamnose is a part of phage receptor material in the cell wall of L. casei strain S-1, and the binding of the phage to the cell wall is reversible, even at 37 C.

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The Adsorption of Phage to Group N Streptococci. The Specificity of Adsorption and the Location of Phage Receptor Substances in Cell-wall and Plasma-membrane Fractions

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

The Bacterial Membrane

The Bacterial Membrane

Cloning of a chromosomal gene required for phage infection of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis C2

Phage Receptor Material in Lactobacillus casei Cell Wall

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