The Adrenal Cortex and Endogenous Carbohydrate Formation

Evans, Gerald

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1935.114.2.297

Cited by 101 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Hg partial pressure) for 24 hours liver glycogen did not increase (Table V). This confirms the studies of Evans (1,2). Muscle glycogen and blood glucose of exposed adrenalectomized rats were below the low fasting level of unexposed adrenalectomized animals.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

The Rôle of the Adrenal Cortex in Acute Anoxia 12

Lewis

Thorn²,

Koepf³

et al. 1942

J. Clin. Invest.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

The Rôle of the Adrenal Cortex in Acute Anoxia 12

Lewis

Thorn²,

Koepf³

et al. 1942

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The finding that less protoplasm was catabolized by the adrenalectomized-depancreatized than by the depancreatized animals during the stress of insulin deprivation is in harmony with many previous reports (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). The adrenalectomized animal's failure to excrete excess potassium seems logically attributable to a failure of cellular potassium release; inasmuch as the level of serum potassium remained stationary throughout, the conservation of potassium cannot be ascribed to impaired renal excretion resulting from adrenal insufficiency.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Studies Concerning the Role of the Adrenal Cortex in the Pathologic Physiology of Diabetic Acidosis. II. The Identification of Adrenal-Conditioned Factors in the Physiologic Reaction to the Stress of Insulin Deprivation1

McArthur¹,

Gautier²,

Swallow³

et al. 1954

J. Clin. Invest.

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In a descriptive study designed to correlate changes in the level of adrenal cortical function with other metabolic phenomena occurring during the evolution of experimental diabetic acidosis it was observed (1) that eosinopenia and an increase in the rate of corticosteroid excretion are comparatively late features of ketoacidosis induced by the omission of insulin. A close temporal relation was found to obtain between evidences of increased adrenal activity and the following metabolic events: (a) An acceleration in the rate of catabolism of protoplasm; (b) a loss of potassium in excess of nitrogen; and (c) a decreased sensitivity to injected insulin. In some, but not all, experiments it appeared that adrenal activation was related in time to the occurrence of increased lipemia and ketonemia as well.In this paper are presented the results of experiments designed to ascertain whether the above events, temporally linked to increased adrenal activity, can, in fact, be regarded as adrenal conditioned. The postulates underlying these experiments are that metabolic reactions dependent upon increased adrenal activity for their initiation or maintenance should be susceptible to: (a) Premature induction by exogenous stimulation of the adrenal cortex during mild stress; and (b) diminution or suppression by maintenance of a fixed Accordingly, the experiments comprise a comparison between the metabolic changes which characterize the stressful terminal phases of insulin deprivation in the depancreatized dog and: (a) The changes which accompany the induction of a comparable degree of eosinopenia by the administration of ACTH to a depancreatized dog deprived of insulin for a relatively brief period; and (b) the changes which accompany the withdrawal of insulin from an adrenalectomized-depancreatized animal maintained upon a fixed dose of adrenal cortical hormones. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREResponse of the depancreatized dog to exogenous stimulation of the adrenal cortex. A balance study was performed upon an animal (Frisky) whose metabolic response to insulin deprivation had been well established by previous withdrawal experiments (1). After being stabilized on the same diet as had been employed for previous balance studies, the From the results of previous experiments it was known to restore the pre-adrenalectomy insulin requirement. that a loss of excess potassium, presumably associated The maintenance regime upon which the animal was ultiwith hepatic glycogenolysis, would occur during the mately stabilized comprised: (a) 12-hourly feedings confirst 12 hours and that the losses of nitrogen and potas-taining 30 mEq. of sodium and 65 mEq. each of potassium sium would be in protoplasmic proportion during the and chloride, and (b) 12-hourly administration of 25 to succeeding 24 hours. 30 units of crystalline insulin subcutaneously, and of 2.25 Response of the adrenalectomized-depancreatised dog to mg. of desoxycorticosterone acetate and 10 mg. of cortiinsulin deprivation. A balance study was performed upon sone acetate intramuscula...

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“…A negative nitrogen balance has previously been reported in animals (29,30) and man (31) at high altitude. In the present study, nitrogen balance was most negative during the latter period of exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

Metabolism of human serum albumin in man during acute exposure to high altitude (14,100 feet).

Surks¹

1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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The effect of high altitude exposure on protein metabolism in man has not been fully investigated. In a recent study of eight sea level residents (1), the concentration of plasma total protein and of the specific proteins thyroxine-binding globulin and ceruloplasmin was noted to be increased during the first 2 weeks of exposure to high altitude. Since the electrophoretic distribution of the plasma proteins was unchanged, the observations were interpreted as resulting from marked water loss from the intravascular compartment. In contrast to these changes, the concentration of thyroxinebinding prealbumin (TBPA) was decreased during this period. Alterations in the metabolism of this plasma protein may be manifest rapidly by changes in its concentration due to its rapid rate of metabolism (2, 3). Thus, the reduced concentration of TBPA noted at high altitude was interpreted to reflect possible changes in plasma protein synthesis or degradation in this environment that had been masked by the dehydration of the intravascular compartment.In the present investigation, the turnover of 31I-labeled albumin was studied in five subjects during a control period at 5,280 feet and for eight days at 14,100 feet. The method of data analysis allowed an independent estimate of the daily rate of albumin synthesis and degradation during the experimental period. These observations were correlated with simultaneous measurements of gross nitrogen balance, TBPA concentration, and various indexes of thyroid function.

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The Adrenal Cortex and Endogenous Carbohydrate Formation

Cited by 101 publications

References 0 publications

The Rôle of the Adrenal Cortex in Acute Anoxia 12

The Rôle of the Adrenal Cortex in Acute Anoxia 12

Studies Concerning the Role of the Adrenal Cortex in the Pathologic Physiology of Diabetic Acidosis. II. The Identification of Adrenal-Conditioned Factors in the Physiologic Reaction to the Stress of Insulin Deprivation1

Metabolism of human serum albumin in man during acute exposure to high altitude (14,100 feet).

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