The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil, crops and the environment—A review

Morris, Nathan; Miller, Paul; Orson, J.; Froud-Williams, R. J.

doi:10.1016/j.still.2010.03.004

Cited by 287 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Loss of vegetative cover using this method is short lived as most grass tillers are not killed and can rapidly re-establish. While the minimum tillage approach has low fuel requirements, uses no herbicides and helps maintains soil carbon stocks, it is relatively ineffective in terms of controlling competitive weed species (Edwards, et al, 2007;Morris, et al, 2010). This limits the window of opportunity for small seeded, slow-growing wildflowers to establish (Edwards, et al, 2007;Pywell, et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, we were unable to find evidence to support the use of non-selective herbicide with inversion tillage as a means of promoting the establishment of pollen and nectar providing seed mixes (Hypothesis 1). This may be linked to the greater effectiveness of minimum tillage approaches in limiting the development of large soil clods that can create a poor seed bed in 16 the kind of clay soils typical of the study site (Morris, et al, 2010). However, as care was taken to ensure such clod formation was minimised, it is perhaps more likely that minimum tillage was acting to break up the organic-rich surface soil horizon promoting mineralisation and so increasing soil fertility.…”

Section: Seed Bed Cultivation and Seed MIX In The Establishment Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it is likely that only the total absence of soil disturbance would result in failure for many of the species to establish (Edwards, et al, 2007;Pywell, et al, 2007). Given that non-inversion tillage uses less energy and has benefits in terms of the conservation of soil carbon stocks it would appear to be the preferable approach to be used when establishing wildflowers into existing grassland swards (Batjes, 2002 ;Morris, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Seed Bed Cultivation and Seed MIX In The Establishment Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesised that: H1) Wildflowers require the creation of a large amount of bare ground to establish in grassland (Bullock, et al, 2001;Pywell, et al, 2007) and so inversion tillage (conventional ploughing) in combination with application of non-selective herbicide is a more effective means of creating a seed bed to establish wildflowers when compared with non-inversion, minimum tillage alone. This reflects the value of inversion tillage and herbicide in controlling competitive and undesirable species (Morris, et al, 2010;Pywell, et al, 2007);…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing floral resources for pollinators in productive agricultural grasslands

Woodcock

Savage

Bullock

et al. 2014

Biological Conservation

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Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. hoverflies. While the creation of wildflower habitats has been widely used to re-establish such resources into arable ecosystems (e.g. sown into field margins), comparable low cost methods for enhancing floristic diversity in production grasslands are lacking. We investigated how simple and cheep seed mixtures based around three plant functional groups (grasses, legumes and non-leguminous forbs) could be used to enhance flowering resources to benefit insect pollinator communities over a four year period. We demonstrate that the abundance and species richness of pollinators was correlated with the increased availability of legume and non-legume forb flowers. While the flowering resources provided by agricultural cultivars of legumes declined rapidly once sown, the inclusion of a forb component within seed mixtures was effective in increasing the long-term persistence of these resources. As a result the abundance and species richness of insect pollinators over the four years showed greater stability where forbs were also sown. Sward management also played a role in the persistence of floral resources, with grazing more likely to maintain legume cover than cutting.In conclusion, we demonstrate that low cost seed mixtures can be used to enhance floristic diversity to benefit pollinators, although the continued value of these grasslands over time is dependent on complementarity between sown legumes and forbs. As permanent grassland covers c. 40 % of the UK the enhancement of their floristic diversity has a huge potential to benefit insect pollinators. The type of land sharing approaches suggested here maintain modest agricultural productivity and so may be the most likely to achieve benefit to pollinators through wide-scale farmer uptake.3

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Bed Cultivation and Seed MIX In The Establishment Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Seed Bed Cultivation and Seed MIX In The Establishment Yearmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Enhancing floral resources for pollinators in productive agricultural grasslands

Woodcock

Savage

Bullock

et al. 2014

Biological Conservation

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“…The degree of the silting, out of the precipitation depends on the soil quality (that is degraded or preserved), and on the covering state of the surface. As Morris et al (2010) outlined that soil surface exposed to rainfall often leads to the breakdown of aggregates. This process leads to the displacement of small soil particles forming a more continuous structure (mud film) that creates a surface seal and later on a surface crust.…”

Section: Silting Of the Dusty Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Challenges and Solutions in Soil Tillage

Bottlik¹

2014

Appl Ecol Env Res

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Abstract. The aim of this paper was to study the effects of climate induced phenomena occurred in arable soils in the first half of year, 2013. The problem was investigated in a long-term trial on a preserved Chernozem soil and further assessments were performed on Luvisols and a Gleysol which have seriously suffered from climate extremes. Eight types of the soil deterioration were studied from the formation to the state that has changed for the worse. These phenomena were as follows (1) dust formation in the soil surface as the effect of the periodic frost, (2) silting of the dust, due to the periodic and heavy rains, (3) dust leaching into the soil and extending the former compacted layer, (4) soil settling due to the repeated rainfall, (5) strong crust formation in the silted surface both in soils to be unsown and in the rows of the crops. (6) remaining the crusty structure in long-term, (7) over compacting of the seedbed-base, (8) limited crop rooting in the over settled soils. Soil condition improvement may be expected to take place after the passage of 2-3 years, in the wake of soil conservation tillage practices. Keywords: Dust formation, surface silting, crusting, dust leaching, soil settlingAbsztrakt. Klímakihívások és talajművelési megoldások. A tanulmány a 2013. év első félévében csernozjom, erdő és glejes talajokon bekövetkezett klímakárok értékelésére vállalkozik. Nyolc káros klíma jelenség kerül bemutatásra a kialakulástól a súlyosbodásig, amelyek (1) felszínporosodás a fagyok hatására, (2) felszín eliszapolódás az ismétlődő esők nyomán, (3) por lemosódás a legközelebbi tömör rétegig, (4) erős ülepedés, (5) káros felszín kérgesedés, (6) a kérgesedés tartós fennmaradása, (7) a magágy-alap túltömörödése, (8) gyökér deformálódás. A cikk a kár megelőzés és gyógyítás módszereit is bemutatja.

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The effect of cultivation method on erosion in agricultural catchments: integrating AHP in GIS environments

Svoray

Levi

Zaidenberg

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The cultivation method used in agricultural catchments can have a great effect on erosion processes; as such, determining the effects on form and degree is crucial. One commonly held hypothesis is that a shift to minimum tillage methods should reduce the rate of erosion. Here, we examine the effect of cultivation methods and environmental conditions on soil erosion risks in field crops and orchards in an agricultural catchment in northern Israel. The examination was conducted using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) and GIS (geographic information system)‐based computer simulations. Field validation of the simulations was conducted during the 2009–2010 winter season. The spatially explicit data on cultivation method, combined with environmental and climatic data, yielded an explanation of most of the variation in erosion risks in the catchment (kappa =0·93). Of the 10 criteria examined, the cultivation method and slope were the two variables with the greatest effect on increased soil erosion. Furthermore, soil loss risks were reduced substantially as a result of substituting conventional tillage with reduced tillage; substituting reduced tillage with conservation tillage; and changing the tillage direction to perpendicular to the direction of the slope. These results are reasonable in light of the modifications that mechanical tools cause in the soil structure, as observed in the penetration depth and the aggregate stability measurements used in this study. Despite the difficulty in collecting spatially explicit data on cultivation methods, we believe that it is of utmost importance to use such data to study erosion risks in agricultural catchments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The adoption of non-inversion tillage systems in the United Kingdom and the agronomic impact on soil, crops and the environment—A review

Cited by 287 publications

References 69 publications

Enhancing floral resources for pollinators in productive agricultural grasslands

Enhancing floral resources for pollinators in productive agricultural grasslands

Climate Challenges and Solutions in Soil Tillage

The effect of cultivation method on erosion in agricultural catchments: integrating AHP in GIS environments

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