The Administrative Value of the Virulence Test for Diphtheria Bacilli

Kelly, Frank L.; Potter, Alice

doi:10.1001/jama.1923.02650090032009

JAMA

1923

DOI: 10.1001/jama.1923.02650090032009

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The Administrative Value of the Virulence Test for Diphtheria Bacilli

Frank L. Kelly¹,

Alice Potter²

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1926

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…The testing of impure (primary) cultures from swabs has been studied by Havens and Powell (1922), Force and Beattie (1922), Bull and McKee (1923) and Kelly and Potter (1923). Such primary cultures have been given the name "whole" or "field" cultures by American writers.…”

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The Virulence Testing of the Diphtheria Bacillus and its Practical Application

Okell¹,

Parish²

1926

Epidemiol. Infect.

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1. In the intradermic test virulence of “morphological diphtheria bacilli,” 0·2 c.c. containing 100 million organisms is injected. The control guinea-pig receives 500 units of antitoxin the night prior to the test. The test animal receives 125 units six hours after the injection of the cultures. A known virulent organism is always injected as a control; 12 to 20 cultures can be tested on one guinea-pig.Of 2368 swabs received, 1388 (59 per cent.) showed morphological C. diphtheriae. Fromthese 1286 pure cultures were isolated (92·7 per cent.). In 234 positive swabs from cases of clinical diphtheria, in a series examined under very favourable conditions, morphological C. diphtheriae were obtained in 231 (98·7 per cent.) and of these 229 (99·1 per cent.) were virulent. In 758 positive cultures from carriers morphological C. diphtheriae were isolated in 715 (94 per cent.); 50 per cent. were virulent C. diphtheriae, 39 per cent. avirulent, 3·6 per cent. of Hofmann group, 0·3 per cent. Xerosis and 6.4 per cent. unclassified diphtheroids.3. Only one culture of intermediate virulence was found, i.e. uncertain reactions occurred with a dose of 100 million organisms while clear reactions occurred with 1000 million.4. Out of 626 positive cultures from cases of diphtheria, both virulent and avirulent bacilli were isolated in two instances, once from the throat and once from the nose.5. A monovalent antitoxin (Park Williams 8) nenutralised all of 819 virulent strains.6. Amongst 39 cultures obtained from the ear in post-diphtherial conditions, virulent C. diphtheriae were isolated fourteen times.7. Impure primary (“field”) cultures gave reliable results (94 per cent.) when more than one-third of the organisms seen in the smear made from the overnight culture were morphologically C. diphtheriae. If fewer C. diphtheriae were present in the smear th e primary culture gave uncertain results.

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The Virulence Testing of the Diphtheria Bacillus and its Practical Application

Okell¹,

Parish²

1926

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Determining Carriers of B. Diphtheriae

Beattie

Herron

1926

Am J Public Health

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T HIS STUDY of cultures from a group of individuals of approximately the same age but from various localities was undertaken in an endeavor to collect statistics on the number of carriers of B. diphtheriae, which might be present in such a group, and to correlate the distribution of such carriers with the localities where diphtheria had been endemic.In the routine physical examination of persons entering the university, the nose and the throat are examined in order that an exact record of the physical condition of each entrant may be obtained. The physical examinations are made early in the first week of university exercises so that it is scarcely to be expected that a student may have picked up organisms of diphtheria from other students, i.e., the nasal and pharyngeal flora would be typical of pre-ulniversity associations.Nose and throat swabs were taken in the usual way. A sterile swab was applied to the tonsillar region on each side and swept over the pharynx. A second sterile swab was inserted first into one nostril and then into the *other. A numerical record was kept of each set of swabs, cards with duplicate numbers being filled out by the entrant, giving his name, college address, and home address. In the late afternoon the swabs, collected during each day, were rubbed over the surface of Loeffler's blood serum slants, the nose and the throat swabs from each individual being rubbed over the same slant. The tubes were incubated for 18 * Report of an experiment carried on in the Department

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The Administrative Value of the Virulence Test for Diphtheria Bacilli

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

The Virulence Testing of the Diphtheria Bacillus and its Practical Application

The Virulence Testing of the Diphtheria Bacillus and its Practical Application

Determining Carriers of B. Diphtheriae

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