The Adipocyte as an Active Participant in Energy Balance and Metabolism

Badman, Michael K.; Flier, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.058

Cited by 229 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Leptin has been reported to mediate important functions in the regulation of neuroendocrine pathways and energy homeostasis (Badman & Flier, 2007). Primarily secreted from adipocytes, leptin levels are proportional to body fat mass (Badman & Flier, 2007), yet leptin gene expression has also been shown to be present at low levels in the liver and skeletal muscle (Meier & Gressner, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primarily secreted from adipocytes, leptin levels are proportional to body fat mass (Badman & Flier, 2007), yet leptin gene expression has also been shown to be present at low levels in the liver and skeletal muscle (Meier & Gressner, 2004). Leptin bound to its receptor induces Janus activating kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription , mitogen‐activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinsitol 3′kinase , and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) (Vozarova et al ., 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure

Hill

Fang

Miquet³

et al. 2016

Aging Cell

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SummaryGrowth hormone (GH) signaling stimulates the production of IGF‐1; however, increased GH signaling may induce insulin resistance and can reduce life expectancy in both mice and humans. Interestingly, disruption of GH signaling by reducing plasma GH levels significantly improves health span and extends lifespan in mice, as observed in Ames dwarf mice. In addition, these mice have increased adiposity, yet are more insulin sensitive compared to control mice. Metabolic stressors such as high‐fat diet (HFD) promote obesity and may alter longevity through the GH signaling pathway. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of a HFD (metabolic stressor) on genetic mechanisms that regulate metabolism during aging. We show that Ames dwarf mice fed HFD for 12 weeks had an increase in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity as a result of diet‐induced obesity, yet are more insulin sensitive and have higher levels of adiponectin compared to control mice fed HFD. Furthermore, energy expenditure was higher in Ames dwarf mice fed HFD than in control mice fed HFD. Additionally, we show that transplant of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from Ames dwarf mice fed HFD into control mice fed HFD improves their insulin sensitivity. We conclude that Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental metabolic effects of HFD and that visceral adipose tissue of Ames dwarf mice improves insulin sensitivity in control mice fed HFD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure

Hill

Fang

Miquet³

et al. 2016

Aging Cell

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“…35 The adipokine has since been attributed to being a signal for energy deficiency, rather than a signal to lose weight, as excessive weight loss will result in decreased leptin levels and a consequential increase in food intake. 36,37 Since the characterisation of leptin, many other adipokines have been discovered, such as apelin, visfatin, chemerin and vaspin, with adiponectin being the most fully studied.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue a Paracrine And Endocrine Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Ferris

Crowther

2011

CardioVascular Journal of Africa

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Past civilisations saw excess body fat as a symbol of wealth and prosperity as the general population struggled with food shortages and famine. Nowadays it is recognised that obesity is associated with co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Our views on the roll of adipose tissue have also changed, from being solely a passive energy store, to an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolism, immunity and satiety. The relationship between increased visceral adiposity and obesity-related co-morbidities has lead to the recognition that variation in fat distribution contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. Our current negative view of adipose tissue may change with the use of pluripotent adipose-derived stromal cells, which may lead to future autologous stem cell therapies for bone, muscle, cardiac and cartilage disorders. Here, we briefly review the concepts that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, that differences in body fat distribution underline the aetiology of obesity-related co-morbidities, and the use of adipose-derived stem cells for future therapies.

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“…fat-specific protein 27; cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector A; adipose OBESITY AND ITS RELATED COMORBIDITIES are approaching epidemic levels (1,9). The development of new therapeutic inroads to treat these conditions would be greatly facilitated by a full understanding of lipid homeostasis (35,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of FSP27 protein regions for lipid droplet localization, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dimerization with CIDEA

Liu

Zhou

Kim

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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MS, Smas CM.Functional analysis of FSP27 protein regions for lipid droplet localization, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dimerization with CIDEA. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297: E1395-E1413, 2009. First published October 20, 2009 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00188.2009.-The adipocytespecific protein FSP27, also known as CIDEC, is one of three cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector (CIDE) proteins. The first known function for CIDEs was promotion of apoptosis upon ectopic expression in mammalian cells. Recent studies in endogenous settings demonstrated key roles for CIDEs in energy metabolism. FSP27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein whose heterologous expression enhances formation of enlarged lipid droplets and is required for unilocular lipid droplets typical of white adipocytes in vivo. Here, we delineate relationships between apoptotic function and lipid droplet localization of FSP27. We demonstrate that ectopic expression of FSP27 induces enlarged lipid droplets in multiple human cell lines, which is indicative that its mechanism involves ubiquitously present, rather than adipocyte-specific, cellular machinery. Furthermore, promotion of lipid droplet formation in HeLa cells via culture in exogenous oleic acid offsets FSP27-mediated apoptosis. Using transient cotransfections and analysis of lipid droplets in HeLa cells stably expressing FSP27, we show that FSP27 does not protect lipid droplets from action of ATGL lipase. Domain mapping with eGFP-FSP27 deletion constructs indicates that lipid droplet localization of FSP27 requires amino acids 174 -192 of its CIDE C domain. The apoptotic mechanism of FSP27, which we show involves caspase-9 and mitochondrial cytochrome c, also requires this 19-amino acid region. Interaction assays determine the FSP27 CIDE C domain complexes with CIDEA, and Western blot reveals that FSP27 protein levels are reduced by coexpression of CIDEA. Overall, our findings demonstrate the function of the FSP27 CIDE C domain and/or regions thereof for apoptosis, lipid droplet localization, and CIDEA interaction.fat-specific protein 27; cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector A; adipose OBESITY AND ITS RELATED COMORBIDITIES are approaching epidemic levels (1, 9). The development of new therapeutic inroads to treat these conditions would be greatly facilitated by a full understanding of lipid homeostasis (35,36). Lipotoxicity is a highly detrimental outcome of the obese state, leading to derangement of cell function and/or cell death in various tissues (34,35,37). White adipocytes present in white adipose tissue are the major site storage of excess energy in the form of triacylglycerol, contained within intracellular lipid droplets (7,38). Efficient storage of excess fatty acids within adipocyte lipid droplets also serves to protect other cells and tissues from their lipotoxic effects (7, 38). Lipid droplets are highly dynamic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core, a phospholipid monolayer, and a large number of lipid droplet-associated proteins (7, 38). The role for the vast majority ...

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The Adipocyte as an Active Participant in Energy Balance and Metabolism

Cited by 229 publications

References 138 publications

Long‐lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure

Long‐lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure

Once fat was fat and that was that : our changing perspectives on adipose tissue

Functional analysis of FSP27 protein regions for lipid droplet localization, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dimerization with CIDEA

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