The added value of extending the EQ-5D-5L with an itching item for the assessment of health-related quality of life of burn patients: an explorative study

Analyzing the Pain/Discomfort and Anxiety/Depression Composite Domains and the Meaning of Discomfort in the EQ-5D: A Mixed-Methods Study

“…Nevertheless, previous clinical studies concluded that the EQ-5D was less efficient in capturing several symptoms that this study uncovered as forms of discomfort, including respiratory symptoms (eg, shortness of breath and coughing) or gastrointestinal symptoms (eg, nausea, constipation, and diarrhea). 8,[34][35][36][37] In addition, many of the existing EQ-5D "boltons" (additional domains to the EQ-5D) target these specific areas of discomfort, such as breathlessness or tiredness. 38 A direction for future improvement could be to provide supportive examples for discomfort in the composite descriptor, similarly to usual activities.…”

Methods Used to Identify, Test, and Assess Impact on Preferences of Bolt-Ons: A Systematic Review

“…19,20,[38][39][40][41][42] Furthermore, 3 articles were categorized as both categories A and B, [43][44][45] and 3 articles as both categories A and C. 13,21,38 Study populations consisted of a healthy population (n = 17 articles: general public, 13,[19][20][21]24,25,27,30,36,38,[40][41][42][43] random households, 44,45 faculty members 39 ) and patients (n = 11 articles: individuals with a chronic condition, 23 visitors of an outpatient eye clinic, 26 cognitive impaired elderly patients, 18 patients with diabetes, 28 general injury patients, 29,31,35 patients listed for cataract surgery, 32,34 stroke patients, 33 and burn patients 37 ). Most of the included studies were cross-sectional survey studies (N = 23), 13,[19][20][21][23]…”

“…21,38 For category B, 3 studies scored inadequate, 26,34,36 6 studies doubtful, 18,27,28,30,32,33 and 4 studies adequate. 29,31,35,37 Furthermore, 1 study in category C was judged inadequate, 19 3 studies doubtful, 21,38,39 1 study adequate, 41 and 4 studies very good. 13,20,40,42…”

“…27,43,44 Furthermore, the lack of an energy dimension was problematic for the face validity of the EQ-5D. 13 Other bolt-ons that were suggested only once were mental health, 24 skin irritation, 21 self-confidence, 21 limitations in physical activities owing to shortness of breath, 38 breathing problems, 38 work limitation, 23 medication side effects, 23 presence of comorbid/long-term conditions, 23 issues with clinicians and social care received, 23 worries/ fear about future, 23 financial problems, 23 sensory deprivation, 24 sexual activity, 44 bodily appearance, 44 communication, 45 itching, 37 and community connectedness. 36 Some of the suggested dimensions were not directly health-related (ie, not related to physical or mental health), but were directing more toward quality of life in general.…”

“…The second most used psychometric outcome was the distributional effect, which was expressed as the ceiling effect of the EQ-5D and EQ-5D 1 bolton. The studies by Ophuis et al 31 and Spronk et al 37 were unique, because these were the only studies that assessed dimension dependency. 39 existing HRQoL instruments 45 Geraerds 2019, 29 Ophuis 2019, 31 De Graaf 2020, 33 Kim 2017, 45, * Wolfs 2007, 18 Krabbe 1999 39 Cognitive impairment International patient population with at least 1 chronic condition 23 Efthymiadou, 2019 23, * Speech/cognition AQoL 8D, 15D, HUI3 25 Finch 2017, 25, * Finch 2019 43, * Concentration WHOQOL-BREF 44 Jelsma 2015 44, *…”