The Adaptive Nature of Seed Germination in Nemophila Menziesii Aggr.

Cruden, Robert William

doi:10.2307/1935457

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Germination behavior expressed in a new location therefore is not necessarily predictable from the behavior in the site of origin or in another site within the range. Geographic variation in germination phenology is not uncommon (e.g., Cruden 1974;van der Vegte 1978;Hacker et al 1984;Hacker and Ratcliff 1989;Meyer and Monson 1991;Meyer et al 1997). This study indicates that such variation could be in-duced environmentally in addition to being determined genetically.…”

Section: Plasticity Of Germinationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Germination of Arabidopsis Thallana in the Field

Donohue

Dorn²,

Griffith

et al. 2005

Evolution

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Seasonal germination timing strongly influences lifetime fitness and can affect the ability of plant populations to colonize and persist in new environments. To quantify the influence of seasonal environmental factors on germination and to test whether pleiotropy or close linkage are significant constraints on the evolution of germination in different seasonal conditions, we dispersed novel recombinant genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana into two geographic locations. To decouple the photoperiod during seed maturation from the postdispersal season that maternal photoperiod predicts, replicates of recombinant inbred lines were grown under short days and long days under controlled conditions, and their seeds were dispersed during June in Kentucky (KY) and during June and November in Rhode Island (RI). We found that postdispersal seasonal conditions influenced germination more strongly than did the photoperiod during seed maturation. Genetic variation was detected for germination responses to all environmental factors. Transgressive segregation created novel germination phenotypes, revealing a potential contribution of hybridization of ecotypes to the evolution of germination. A genetic trade-off in germination percentage across sites indicated that determinants of fitness at or before the germination stage may constrain the geographic range that a given genotype can inhabit. However, germination timing exhibited only weak pleiotropy across treatments, suggesting that different sets of genes contribute to variation in germination behavior in different seasonal conditions and geographic locations. Thus, the genetic potential exists for rapid evolution of appropriate germination responses in novel environments, facilitating colonization across a broad geographic range.

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Section: Plasticity Of Germinationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Germination of Arabidopsis Thallana in the Field

Donohue

Dorn²,

Griffith

et al. 2005

Evolution

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“…Geographic variation in germination behavior has been documented in many species (e.g., Cruden, 1974;Van der Vegte, 1978;Hacker et al, 1984;Hacker and Ratcliff, 1989;Meyer and Monsen, 1991;Meyer, Allen, and Beckstead, 1997). Germination timing is an important contributor to life-history variation in other species with variation in seasonal dormancy.…”

Section: Genetic Variation For Maternal Photoperiod Effects-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of maternal photoperiod on seasonal dormancy inArabidopsis thaliana(Brassicaceae)

Munir

Dorn

Donohue

et al. 2001

American J of Botany

122

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The maternal photoperiod at the time of seed maturation can predict the seasonal conditions of newly dispersed seeds. We investigated the effects of maternal photoperiod on seasonal dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana using a set of F6 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between individuals from two natural populations (Cal-0 and Tac-0) differing in cold requirements for germination. We grew 40 Cal × Tac lines in a long-day photoperiod (8 h of full spectrum light plus 8 h of low-fluence incandescent light) and a short-day photoperiod (8 h full spectrum light). We then exposed seeds from each family and maternal photoperiod to either a cold stratification treatment (4°C, 21 d) or no cold stratification. Both maternal photoperiod and progeny stratification influenced the percentage of seeds that germinated and the speed of germination. The short-day photoperiod caused increased responsiveness to stratification, with higher germination percentages and speeds in stratified seeds. Stratification influenced the expression of maternal photoperiod effects, such that short days increased germination percentage and speed in stratified seeds but inhibited germination in unstratified seeds. Families differed significantly in their plasticity to maternal photoperiod and stratification, but genetic variation for plasticity to maternal photoperiod was expressed only in unstratified seeds. Because the expression of maternal photoperiod effects and genetic variation for photoperiod effects depended on progeny stratification, the evolution of these maternal effects will depend on the seasonal environment experienced by progeny.

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“…The germination response ofN. menziesii to light (Black andWareing, 1957, 1960;Rollin and Maignan, 1967) and combinations oflight, temperature and osmotic potential (Chen, 1968;Cruden, 1974) have previously been studied. Highest germination success is achieved in the dark and under low temperatures (0-1 O°C).…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC MATERNAL EFFECTS ON SEED CHARACTERS IN NEMOPHILA MENZIESII

1993

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Nuclear genetic, maternal genetic and maternal environmental effects on seed characters were estimated in the California native annual plant Nemophila menziesii using two greenhouse crosses. In one cross, according to a nested mating design, the narrow sense heritability of seed weight was small (3.9%). A subset of full-sib progenies produced in this cross was grown singly and in competition with the introduced grass Bromus diandrus. In a second cross, these plants were used as mothers (dams) and were each mated to the same three sires. Seeds produced by mothers competing with B. diandrus showed a significant reduction in weight, increase in time to germination, and increase in the incidence of dormancy, when compared to seeds from mothers grown singly. Significant sire components were found for time to germination and incidence of dormancy. Maternal genetic variation for seed weight was largely expressed as maternal genotype by maternal environment interaction, and showed no significant maternal genetic main effect. Time to germination and dormant fraction showed a relatively large maternal genetic effect. Evolution of seed characters in N. menziesii is more likely to occur via indirect response to selection among maternal plants than among the seeds themselves. Maternal genotype by maternal environment interaction could potentially contribute to the maintenance of maternal genetic variation in seed weight, but this does not appear likely for dormancy.

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The Adaptive Nature of Seed Germination in Nemophila Menziesii Aggr.

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Germination of Arabidopsis Thallana in the Field

Environmental and Genetic Influences on the Germination of Arabidopsis Thallana in the Field

The effect of maternal photoperiod on seasonal dormancy inArabidopsis thaliana(Brassicaceae)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC MATERNAL EFFECTS ON SEED CHARACTERS IN NEMOPHILA MENZIESII

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