The ~ AD 500–700 (Late Classic) El Astillero and El Pedregal volcanoes (Michoacán, Mexico): a new monogenetic cluster in the making?

Larrea, Patricia; Siebe, Claus; Juárez-Arriaga, Erick; Salinas, Sergio; Ibarra, Héctor; Böhnel, Harald

doi:10.1007/s00445-019-1318-5

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the case of El Infiernillo, there is an additional possible age of AD 300–650 (Mahgoub, Reyes‐Guzmán, et al, 2017), which coincides with the time of abandonment. Larrea et al (2019) have found the occurrence of eruptions at SW Zacapu, from El Astillero (AD 620–680) and El Pedregal (AD 470–710) volcanoes, which are not near the study area. However, several studies consider the existence of monogenetic volcanic clusters (Larrea et al, 2019; Mahgoub, Böhnel, et al, 2017; Reyes‐Guzmán et al, 2018), which can migrate in time and space (Larrea et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Larrea et al (2019) have found the occurrence of eruptions at SW Zacapu, from El Astillero (AD 620–680) and El Pedregal (AD 470–710) volcanoes, which are not near the study area. However, several studies consider the existence of monogenetic volcanic clusters (Larrea et al, 2019; Mahgoub, Böhnel, et al, 2017; Reyes‐Guzmán et al, 2018), which can migrate in time and space (Larrea et al, 2019). In this way, volcanoes (not yet dated) could have erupted in a period very close to the abandonment of the building and contributed volcanic glass to the Vertisols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The study area belongs to the Michoacan–Guanajuato Volcanic Field (Gómez‐Tuena et al, 2007; Hasenaka & Carmichael, 1987), where several eruptions have been recorded during the late Holocene, affecting the pre‐Hispanic populations (Chevrel et al, 2016; Larrea et al, 2019; Ramírez‐Uribe et al, 2019; Reyes‐Guzmán et al, 2018). Nevertheless, none of these eruptions correspond to the time of the first stage of abandonment of the building at PA3_El Pitayo (428–564 cal AD; Table 3), whose occupation floor (UE 2507) is covered by the black earth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black clayey soil (Vertisol) in the Lerma valley, Michoacán, North‐Central Mexico: A hint of the environmental and cultural changes during the Late Classic period?

et al. 2021

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Catastrophic events (climatic, tectonic, volcanic, etc.) frequently cause geomorphological instability, which interrupts normal pedogenesis and switches the processes of surface erosion and/or sedimentation. These processes have an effect on the distribution of ancient settlements and can be the cause of the abandonment of cities. In the Lerma Valley, particularly in the Tres Mezquites area, surveys and extensive excavations have been conducted to estimate the nature and density of pre‐Hispanic settlements on the alluvial plain and in the piedmonts. Most of the archaeological structures are covered by dark clayey soils (Vertisols). This includes the PA3_El Pitayo site, where an accumulation of black earth has been detected on the floors and walls of a collapsed building. We have studied in detail the Vertisols and the black earth around the site to establish to what extent this dark earth is an in situ product of the soil‐forming factors, or if its accumulation is due to erosion/sedimentation processes, which could affect the occupation of the site, or the result of anthropic activity for leveling. The Vertisols and the dark earth are characterized by different means (physical, chemical, micromorphology, clay mineralogy, and radiocarbon dating). The results show that both the Vertisols and the black earth are very clayey, with angular blocky structures and slickensides (properties that are typical of vertic soils), and smectite as the main clay mineral. Besides smectite, under the microscope, a high amount of fresh volcanic glass is identified, suggesting that volcanism could be responsible for the abandonment of the study site. However, there are no known volcanic events related to the age of abandonment. As a consequence, we consider that landslides triggered by seismic activity/climatic events impacted the settlement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black clayey soil (Vertisol) in the Lerma valley, Michoacán, North‐Central Mexico: A hint of the environmental and cultural changes during the Late Classic period?

et al. 2021

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“…ArcMap software was used for calculating lava´s areas and volumes (see details in Hernández Jiménez, 2016). The volume of the actual cone (the cone in its present shape), the pre-breaching cone (cone prior to breaching) and the hummocks (Table 1) was estimated from the DEM, with the surface difference tool of ArcMap GIS software ("DEM clipping"), following a condensed version of the methodology presented in Guilbaud et al (2012), Larrea et al (2017and 2019b), and Ramírez-Uribe et al (2019. This method requires to model the basal plane of the constructs, drawing contour lines that are consistent with the surrounding relief.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scoria cones and other monogenetic vents are abundant along the TMVB and form large fields, the largest of these being the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, hereafter referred to as MGVF (Figure 1; Hasenaka and Carmichael, 1985;Connor, 1990). The MGVF includes >1100 small-to-medium sized Quaternary volcanic edifices, at least 20 of which formed in the Holocene (Hasenaka and Carmichael, 1985;Guilbaud et al, 2009;Chevrel et al, 2016;Mahgoub et al, 2017;Osorio-Ocampo et al, 2018;Reyes-Guzmán et al, 2018;Ramírez-Uribe et al, 2019;Larrea et al, 2019b;Macías and Arce, 2019). These studies report that volcanoes in the MGVF are dominantly scoria cones with lava flows and medium-sized shields, with some viscous flows without cones at source, domes, and rare maars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Las Cabras volcano, Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, México: Topographic, climatic, and shallow magmatic controls on scoria cone eruptions

Guilbaud¹,

Hernández-Jiménez²,

Siebe³

et al. 2021

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Scoria cones are abundant in most volcanic fields on Earth, such as the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, in the central-western sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. However, there are few in-depth studies on their eruptive style and controlling factors, despite of their diversity in shape and composition which implies a wide range of hazards. Here, we present results of morphologic, stratigraphic, sedimentary, petrographic, and geochemical studies of the prominent Las Cabras scoria cone located west of the Zacapu lacustrine basin in the center of the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field. This basaltic andesitic to andesitic volcano formed between 27 and 26 kyrs BP on the steep slopes (>10º) of the lava shield of El Tule volcano. Over time, its dominant eruptive style changed from Strombolian to effusive. Initial explosive activity built a 170-m-high scoria cone and deposited thick tephra fallout on the surrounding sloping terrain. Structures in the deposits indicate that early friable fine-grained tephra underwent significant erosion due to syn-eruptive heavy rain coupled with the sloping nature of the underlying ground. This erosion generated lahars that very likely reached the Zacapu lake based on the pre-eruptive topography. As the explosivity dropped, lava was emitted from the base of the cone first to the S and SE, forming a thick, viscous lobe that filled a pre-existing E-W valley. The flow direction then deviated to the N and NE, to form thinner, less-viscous lobes fed from the vent by an open-channel. The lavas are covered by hummocks made of agglutinates and bombs that indicate that the eruption terminated by catastrophic collapse of the SE sector of the cone, possibly triggered by the intrusion of magma within the cone, which destabilized its downslope segment. The sudden flank failure was potentially associated with a late effusive event and the hummocks may have been carried away by the lava surge. Whole-rock chemical variations and crystal disequilibrium textures point toward a complex magma feeding system, involving mixing and mingling between different magma batches. This study shows that the formation of scoria cones on a terrain with a marked slope (>10°) has profound impacts on the eruption dynamics and related hazards due to its effect on cone stability and ash erosion. It also evidences the erosive effect of syn-eruptive rain on fine-grained tephra, especially when deposited on a slope. Finally, it reveals the complex magmatic processes that may occur in the shallow plumbing system of monogenetic andesitic volcanoes, which could be particularly important in inland areas of continental arcs.

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Late Holocene Malpaís de Zacapu (Michoacán, Mexico) andesitic lava flows: rheology and eruption properties based on LiDAR image

et al. 2021

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Few monogenetic eruptions that produced lava flows have occurred in historical times, limiting the observations of their impact on human settlements. However, rheological models based on morphological and petrological datasets can contribute to decipher the eruptive dynamics and durations of ancient eruptions. The Malpaís de Zacapu, a temporal-spatial monogenetic volcano cluster at the western margin of the Zacapu lacustrine basin (Michoacán, Mexico), offers a good opportunity to apply such models because of the availability of a high-resolution LiDAR topography from which detailed morphological data was extracted. The Malpaís de Zacapu comprises late Holocene lava flow fields emplaced in the last 3200 years by four different low magnitude volcanic eruptions: Infiernillo, Malpaís Las Víboras, Capaxtiro, and Malpaís Prieto. Jointly these eruptions produced thick andesitic block lava flows covering an area of 38.3 km 2 with a volume of ~ 4.4 km 3 . The lava viscosities at eruption vents were estimated from petro-textural analyses and range between 10 3 and 10 6 Pa s, while the final flow apparent viscosities, obtained from dimensional analyses, vary from 10 8 to 10 10 Pa s. We estimated the mean effusion rate and lava flow emplacement duration for each flow field. Results revealed that the more viscous flows, Malpaís Las Víboras and Malpaís Prieto, could have been emplaced in less than 3 years, while the more fluid Infiernillo probably took less than 1 year. In stark contrast, the morphologically different and more voluminous Capaxtiro flow field could have been emplaced in ~ 27 years. These findings can help to evaluate the impact that these eruptions had on adjacent pre-Hispanic populations, known to have inhabited the region since at least 3000 years ago.

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The ~ AD 500–700 (Late Classic) El Astillero and El Pedregal volcanoes (Michoacán, Mexico): a new monogenetic cluster in the making?

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Black clayey soil (Vertisol) in the Lerma valley, Michoacán, North‐Central Mexico: A hint of the environmental and cultural changes during the Late Classic period?

Black clayey soil (Vertisol) in the Lerma valley, Michoacán, North‐Central Mexico: A hint of the environmental and cultural changes during the Late Classic period?

Las Cabras volcano, Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, México: Topographic, climatic, and shallow magmatic controls on scoria cone eruptions

Late Holocene Malpaís de Zacapu (Michoacán, Mexico) andesitic lava flows: rheology and eruption properties based on LiDAR image

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