The Acute Physiological Responses to Traditional vs. Practical Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise in Untrained Men and Women

Freitas, Eduardo; Galletti, Bianca R A; Kozioł, Karolina; Miller, Ryan M.; Heishman, Aaron D.; Black, Christopher D.; Bemben, Debra A.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.577224

Cited by 16 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, we found the transient changes in muscle thickness after exercise to be similar between the sexes. This is similar to Freitas et al (2020) who reported that males had greater muscle thickness of the rectus femoris than females at baseline and all points of observation, but the magnitude and time course of muscle thickness changes following BFR KE was similar and aligned with our findings. This also appears to hold true in the upper body after Dannecker et al (2012) assessed changes in arm girth after eccentric biceps curls to induce muscle damage.…”

Section: F I G U R Esupporting

confidence: 92%

“…If increases in muscle thickness after a session of traditional resistance training encapsulate the aforementioned physiological changes, it is important to point out that these mechanisms may or may not be occurring in BFR resistance exercise. Previous research reports similar magnitudes of muscle thickness when BFR exercise is compared to low-load unrestricted and high-load conditions (Freitas et al, 2017, 2020, Thiebaud et al, 2019. Since BFR exercise has been suggested TA B L E 3 Mean differences in muscle thickness between exercise and control leg…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Accordingly, when hypertrophy is a variable of interest in research studies, it is integral that these transient, session-induced changes in muscle size due to metabolic changes described above are not present when measures of muscle mass are performed as this may result in an overestimation of muscle size. Previous BFR resistance exercise studies have evaluated muscle damage and muscle thickness in short durations within one hour (Freitas et al 2020, Hackney et al, 2016 or conducted daily measurements (Freitas et al, 2017;Thiebaud et al, 2013) leaving several time points within hours and days following an exercise session to be undetermined. Understanding the time course of muscle size changes following BFR resistance exercise is imperative to distinguish temporary changes from one session of exercise from longterm adaptations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Young

Duncan

Cook

2021

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Blood flow restricted (BFR) exercise results in transient muscle growth that may be due to metabolite accumulation, hyperaemia and muscle damage, possibly serving as a stimulus for hypertrophy. Understanding the duration of this growth is important for exercise recovery and measurement of hypertrophy.Purpose: To measure changes in muscle size via ultrasound throughout a 48-h period after a session of BFR knee extension (KE) exercise.Methods: Muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis (VL) was measured via ultrasound in 12 participants (six males and six females, age: 20.3 ± 1.1 years) before and immediately, 10 min, 30 min, 1, 3, 8, 24, and 48 h after unilateral exercise. One leg served as a non-exercise control while the other leg performed four sets of unilateral BFR KE at 30% of one-repetition maximum with a pressurized cuff applied to the proximal thigh and inflated to 50% arterial occlusion pressure.Results: Vastus lateralis thickness was 34.9 ± 7.2% higher immediately after exercise, 28.6 ± 7.9% at 10 min, 25.2 ± 6.1% at 30 min, 14.9 ± 4.8% at 1 h and 11.8 ± 5.6% at 3 h (p < 0.05). There were no changes compared to pre-exercise measurements past 3 h, and the control limb did not change (p > 0.05). The muscle thickness of the exercise leg was significantly greater than that of the control leg from immediately after exercise up to 1 h post-exercise (p < 0.05). Conclusion:Muscle thickness of the VL increases for 3 h post-BFR exercise and returns to normal within 8 h. This timeframe should be considered when prescribing exercise and planning muscle hypertrophy assessments.

show abstract

Section: F I G U R Esupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Young

Duncan

Cook

2021

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hct was assumed to be 46% for men and 42% for women. 28 The same model was used for two of the SCD patients whom were scanned after stem cell transplantation. For the five remaining SCD patients, the Li-Bush model was used 29 :…”

Section: Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Blood T₂ Values Measured by T₂‐TRIR and TRUST

Baas

Coolen

Petersen

et al. 2022

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Venous blood oxygenation (Yv), which can be derived from venous blood T 2 (T 2 b), combined with oxygen-extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, is considered indicative for tissue viability and brain functioning and frequently assessed in patients with sickle cell disease. Recently, T 2 -Prepared-Blood-Relaxation-Imaging-with-Inversion-Recovery (T 2 -TRIR) was introduced allowing for simultaneous measurements of blood T 2 and T 1 (T 1 b), potentially improving Yv estimation by overcoming the need to estimate hematocrit. Purpose: To optimize and compare T 2 -TRIR with T 2 -relaxation-under-spin-tagging (TRUST) sequence. Study Type: Prospective. Population: A total of 12 healthy volunteers (six female, 27 AE 3 years old) and 7 patients with sickle cell disease (five female, 32 AE 12 years old). Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T; turbo field echo planar imaging (TFEPI), echo planar imaging (EPI), and fast field echo (FFE). Assessment: T 2 b, Yv, and OEF from TRUST and T 2 -TRIR were compared and T 2 -TRIR-derived T 1 b was assessed. Withinand between-session repeatability was quantified in the controls, whereas sensitivity to hemodynamic changes after acetazolamide (ACZ) administration was assessed in the patients. Statistical Tests: Shapiro-Wilk, one-sample and paired-sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, mixed linear model, Bland-Altman analysis and correlation analysis. Sidak multiple-comparison correction was performed. Significance level was 0.05. Results: In controls, T 2 b from T 2 -TRIR (70 AE 11 msec) was higher compared to TRUST (60 AE 8 msec). In patients, T 2 b values were lower pre-compared to post-ACZ administration (TRUST: 80 AE 15 msec and 106 AE 23 msec and T 2 -TRIR: 95 AE 21 msec and 125 AE 36 msec). Consequently, Yv and OEF were lower and higher pre-compared to post-ACZ administration (TRUST Yv: 68% AE 7% and 77% AE 8%, T 2 -TRIR Yv: 74% AE 8% and 80% AE 6%, TRUST OEF: 30% AE 7% and 21% AE 8%, and T 2 -TRIR OEF: 25% AE 8% and 18% AE 6%). Data Conclusion: TRUST and T 2 -TRIR are reproducible, but T 2 -TRIR-derived T 2 b values are significantly higher compared to TRUST, resulting in higher Yv and lower OEF estimates. This bias might be considered when evaluating cerebral oxygen homeostasis.

show abstract

“…The authors observed that the elastic consistently resulted in complete vein occlusion when it was tightened on the thigh based on the perceptual response of 7 (moderate pressure without pain) on the tightness scale with 11 descriptors (0-10), but not in the arteries. This way of applying elastic wraps according to the response of a 7 out of 10 on the perceived tightness scale has subsequently been used in several studies [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. However, applying the elastic wrap just for the perception of tightness, seems to be a limited prescription for pBFR, since there is no guarantee that the researcher or trainer will equally restrict the elastic segment in all training sessions.…”

Section: Prescription Of Pbfr Training: Focusing On Methodological As...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training: New Methodological Directions for Practice and Research

Aniceto¹,

Leandro²

2022

Sports Med - Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most studies with blood flow restriction (BFR) training have been conducted using devices capable of regulating the restriction pressure, such as pneumatic cuffs. However, this may not be a viable option for the general population who exercise in gyms, squares and sports centers. Thinking about this logic, practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) training was created in 2009, suggesting the use of elastic knee wraps as an alternative to the traditional BFR, as it is low cost, affordable and practical. However, unlike traditional BFR training which seems to present a consensus regarding the prescription of BFR pressure based on arterial occlusion pressure (AOP), studies on pBFR training have used different techniques to apply the pressure/tension exerted by the elastic wrap. Therefore, this Current Opinion article aims to critically and chronologically examine the techniques used to prescribe the pressure exerted by the elastic wrap during pBFR training. In summary, several techniques were found to apply the elastic wrap during pBFR training, using the following as criteria: application by a single researcher; stretching of the elastic (absolute and relative overlap of the elastic); the perceived tightness scale; and relative overlap of the elastic based on the circumference of the limbs. Several studies have shown that limb circumference seems to be the greatest predictor of AOP. Therefore, we reinforce that applying the pressure exerted by the elastic for pBFR training based on the circumference of the limbs is an excellent, valid and safe technique.

show abstract

The Acute Physiological Responses to Traditional vs. Practical Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise in Untrained Men and Women

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Comparative Analysis of Blood T₂ Values Measured by T₂‐TRIR and TRUST

Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training: New Methodological Directions for Practice and Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Acute Physiological Responses to Traditional vs. Practical Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise in Untrained Men and Women

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Evaluation of muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis by ultrasound imaging following blood flow restricted resistance exercise

Comparative Analysis of Blood T2 Values Measured by T2‐TRIR and TRUST

Practical Blood Flow Restriction Training: New Methodological Directions for Practice and Research

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Comparative Analysis of Blood T₂ Values Measured by T₂‐TRIR and TRUST