The acute phase response elicited by a viral-like molecular pattern increases energy expenditure in Artibeus lituratus

Triana-Llanos, Camila; Guerrero-Chacón, Adriana L.; Rivera-Ruiz, David A.; Rojas‐Díaz, Vladimir; Niño-Castro, Andrea

doi:10.2478/s11756-019-00204-3

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, LPS challenged Egyptian 53 , short-tailed 59 and great fruit-eating bats ( Artibeus lituratus ) 56 and fish-eating bats 46 showed a febrile response. Additionally, fever was documented in great fruit-eating bats during mimicked viral infection 43 (see below), while febrile cytokine IL-6 was significantly expressed in hibernating little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus ) infected with P. destructans 70 which might lead to fever 71 . Fever can lead to an increase in the metabolic rate and thus may result in the loss of body mass 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with the study on house sparrows 36 , we did not find an effect of PolyI:C injection on body mass, skin temperature and haptoglobin. However, in a recent study, great fruit-eating bats were challenged by a lower dosage of PolyI:C 43 . Animals injected with this antigen not only increased their resting metabolic rate 6 h post injection, but also lost more body weight compared to the control animals and showed an increase in body temperature 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in a recent study, great fruit-eating bats were challenged by a lower dosage of PolyI:C 43 . Animals injected with this antigen not only increased their resting metabolic rate 6 h post injection, but also lost more body weight compared to the control animals and showed an increase in body temperature 43 . Moreover, there were no differences between treatment groups at 24 h post injection, indicating a quick response towards viral antigens in this bat species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The APR, especially during stimulated bacterial infections via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges, has been intensively studied under laboratory conditions in rodents living in an atypical, low-pathogen risk environment [37][38][39] , and in captive 40,41 , as well as free-ranging birds [34][35][36] ; yet, studies in wild mammals are scarce. While phytohaemagglutinin and LPS are the most common antigens used to activate the innate immune system in wild birds, in the few studies on wild mammals the antigens applied are more diverse 29,[42][43][44][45][46] . A deeper knowledge about the APR in wild mammals, especially bats, may be beneficial for identifying species of conservation interest 47 and better forecast reservoir species and prioritize surveillance targets 48 , and for the development of treatments against the pathogens they carry.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in acute phase response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigens in greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis)

Seltmann

Troxell

Schad

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The acute phase response (APR) is an evolutionarily well-conserved part of the innate immune defense against pathogens. However, recent studies in bats yielded surprisingly diverse results compared to previous APR studies on both vertebrate and invertebrate species. This is especially interesting due to the known role of bats as reservoirs for viruses and other intracellular pathogens, while being susceptible to extracellular microorganisms such as some bacteria and fungi. To better understand these discrepancies and the reservoir-competence of bats, we mimicked bacterial, viral and fungal infections in greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) and quantified different aspects of the APR over a two-day period. Individuals reacted most strongly to a viral (PolyI:C) and a bacterial (LPS) antigen, reflected by an increase of haptoglobin levels (LPS) and an increase of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (PolyI:C and LPS). We did not detect fever, leukocytosis, body mass loss, or a change in the overall functioning of the innate immunity upon challenge with any antigen. We add evidence that bats respond selectively with APR to specific pathogens and that the activation of different parts of the immune system is species-specific.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in acute phase response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigens in greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis)

Seltmann

Troxell

Schad

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Oxidative damage varies in response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigen challenges in bats

Costantini,

Schad,

Czirják

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The immune system plays an important role in defending against pathogens and regulating physiological homeostasis, but the strength of the immune responses depends on the type of pathogen. The immune system of bats shows a high variability in responsiveness towards various pathogens; they can safely harbor certain pathogens that are highly lethal to other mammals. Oxidative stress may act as a pathophysiological cellular mechanism mediating the immunological function of bats because of its potentially detrimental effects on physiological homeostasis, fertility, and longevity. By experimentally exposing greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) to three antigens, it was previously shown that animals reacted immunologically most strongly to bacterial and viral antigens, but not to fungal one. As a follow up, in this study we observed that both bacterial and fungal antigens induced a significant increase of plasma oxidative damage, whereas viral antigens did not cause any increase of plasma oxidative damage at all albeit the mild immune response. Thus, experimental bats were able to avoid oxidative stress only in the face of a viral antigen, possibly by dampening inflammatory signaling. Bats may be able to handle viral infections and live well beyond expectations by reducing the detrimental effects of molecular oxidation.

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The acute phase response elicited by a viral-like molecular pattern increases energy expenditure in Artibeus lituratus

Cited by 2 publications

References 55 publications

Differences in acute phase response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigens in greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis)

Differences in acute phase response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigens in greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis)

Oxidative damage varies in response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigen challenges in bats

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