The Acute Pancreatic Effect of Alloxan in the Rabbit

Howell, S. L.; Taylor, K. W.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0370421

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, in the untreated or undertreated diabetic patient, hyperlipidemia often occurs. 5) Recent reports demonstrated that oral administration with doses of 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg of the n-butanol fraction of B. forficata reduced the hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. 10) Pepato et al 11) demonstrated that chronic administration (31 d of treatment) of B. forficata decoction to the diabetic group caused a significant reduction in plasma glucose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antidiabetic Activity of Bauhinia forficata Extracts in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats

Lino

Diógenes

Pereira

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The antidiabetic activity of aqueous, ethanolic and hexanic extracts of Bauhinia forficata was investigated in a model of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. The biochemical parameters studied were: plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Extracts were administered daily for 7 d at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o., 48 h after alloxan injection (60 mg/kg, i.v.). The alloxan-diabetic rats showed significant reductions in plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol after treatment with the extracts and glibenclamide (used as standard) as compared to the diabetic controls. Levels of LDL were not altered. In conclusion, our results showed that the plant extracts when administered by gavage may reduce glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest the validity of the clinical use of B. forficata in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4) In preliminary work we showed that the crude aqueous extract from B. forficata has a hypoglycemic effect. 5) In this paper we investigate further the effects of oral daily treatment for 7 d with extracts of Bauhinia forficata on glucose and lipid levels of alloxan-diabetic rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic Activity of Bauhinia forficata Extracts in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats

Lino

Diógenes

Pereira

et al. 2004

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Since the early hyperglycemia which follows alloxan has been attributed to an adrenaline response (13), it is reasonable to consider a similar explanation for streptozotocin, although this interpretation has not as yet been tested experimentally. The hypoglycemic phase has been attributed, in the case of alloxan, to the release of insulin from necrotizing pancreatic P-cells, although elevated serum insulin levels have been reported only very recently (14,15). For streptozotocin, the insulin-induced nature of the hypoglycemic phase is fully established by the results shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: relationship of dose to metabolic response

Junod¹,

Lambert²,

Stauffacher³

et al. 1969

J. Clin. Invest.

852

488

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A B S T R A C T The relationship between the dose of intravenously administered streptozotocin (a N-nitroso derivative of glucosamine) and the diabetogenic response has been explored by use of the following indices of diabetogenic action: serum glucose, urine volume, and glycosuria, ketonuria, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and pancreatic IRI content. Diabetogenic activity could be demonstrated between the doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg, all indices used showing some degree of correlation with the dose administered. Ketonuria was only seen with the largest dose, 100 mg/kg. The most striking and precise correlation was that between the dose and the pancreatic IRI content 24 hr after administration of the drug, and it is suggested that this represents a convenient test system either for both related and unrelated beta cytotoxic compounds or for screening for modifying agents or antidiabetic substances of a novel type. Ability to produce graded depletion of pancreatic IRI storage capacity led to an analysis of the relationship between pancreatic IRI content and deranged carbohydrate metabolism. Abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin response were seen when pancreatic IRI was depleted by about one-third, while fasting hyperglycemia and gross glycosuria occurred when the depletion had reached twothirds and three-quarters, respectively. The mild yet persistent anomaly produced by the lowest effective streptozotocin dose, 25 mg/kg, exhibits characteristics resembling the state of chemical diabetes in humans and might thus warrant further study as a possible model. Finally, the loss of the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin by pretreatment with nicotinamide was confirmed and was shown to be a function of the relative doses of nicotinamide and streptozotocin and of the interval between injections.

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“…In the present paper we report evidence for identical changes in the structure and catalytic properties of FruP2ase in animals treated with triamcinolone or rendered diabetic with alloxan, and parallel changes in the lysosomal proteases that may be responsible for the structural modifi- (16). Approximately 5 days after the injection of alloxan, blood glucose was determined by the glucose oxidase method and animals whose blood glucose levels exceeded 600 mg/100 ml were employed for the experiments described.…”

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confidence: 69%

Hormonal effects on structure and catalytic properties of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

Pontremoli¹,

Flora²,

Salamino³

et al. 1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Gluconeogenic conditions, such as administration of triamcinolone or alloxan diabetes, cause the following changes in the molecular structure and properties of rabbit liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11): (1) the appearance of traces (about 10%) of a lighter subunit; (2) loss of tryptophan from all of the subunits, including those that show no apparent change in molecular weight; (3) increase in requirement for the positive allosteric effector, histidine; (4) increase in amount of enzyme, but not its specific activity. These changes are identical to those induced by cold or fasting, and are related to increased activities of lysosomal proteases. The results suggest that lysosomes may act as mediators of gluconeogenic stimuli. Certain gluconeogenic conditions (e.g., fasting or prolonged starvation) are known to be associated with the breakdown of protein in peripheral tissues (1) as well as increased proteolytic activity in liver (2). Associated with these generally catabolic conditions are large increases in the activities of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes (3-5). These effects probably involve the intervention of gluconeogenic hormones, since similar increases in lysosomal activity and gluconeogenic enzymes have been reported following the administration of glucagon and glucocorticoids (6-12).Our previous studies on the changes in structure and function of a key gluconeogenic enzyme, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (Fru-P2ase; D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11), have suggested that lysosomes may play a specific role in the modulation of the activity of this enzyme. In animals exposed to prolonged fasting we observed not only the increased activity of this enzyme in liver and kidney, but also certain changes in its structure and catalytic properties. Thus the enzyme isolated from livers of fed rabbits was composed of four-identical subunits having a molecular weight of 36,000, each containing a single tryptophan residue, while enzyme purified from livers of fasted animals was devoid of tryptophan and contained traces of a lighter subunit, with molecular weight of approximately 29,000 (6). The enzyme isolated from livers of fasted rabbits also showed greater stimulation by the allosteric effector histidine (13) and by ammonium ions (unpublished observations). These changes appeared to be related to concomitant changes in the activity and subcellular distribution of two specific lysosomal proteases (14, 15).In the present paper we report evidence for identical changes in the structure and catalytic properties of FruP2ase in animals treated with triamcinolone or rendered diabetic with alloxan, and parallel changes in the lysosomal proteases that may be responsible for the structural modifi- Animals. Adult female rabbits weighing 2.8 1 0.1 kg were used. These were farm-grown animals from the local Italian market. All rabbits were fed ad libitum on a balanced diet (Altromin MS/K purchased from Rieper-Bolzan-Italy) and kept at 250 +...

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The Acute Pancreatic Effect of Alloxan in the Rabbit

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Antidiabetic Activity of Bauhinia forficata Extracts in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic Activity of Bauhinia forficata Extracts in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats

Diabetogenic action of streptozotocin: relationship of dose to metabolic response

Hormonal effects on structure and catalytic properties of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase.

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