The Acute Inflammatory Response to Absorbed Collagen Sponge Is Not Enhanced by BMP-2

Abstract

Absorbed collagen sponge (ACS)/bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are widely used in clinical practise for bone regeneration. However, the application of this product was found to be associated with a significant pro-inflammatory response, particularly in the early phase after implantation. This study aimed to clarify if the pro-inflammatory activities, associated with BMP-2 added to ACS, were related to the physical state of the carrier itself, i.e., a wet or a highly dehydrated state of the ACS, to the local degree of vascularisation and/or to local biomechanical factors. ACS (0.8 cm diameter)/BMP-2 were implanted subcutaneously in the back of 12 eight-week-old Sprague Dawley rats. Two days after surgery, the implanted materials were retrieved and analysed histologically and histomorphometrically. The acute inflammatory response following implantation of ACS was dependent of neither the presence or absence of BMP-2 nor the degree of vascularization in the surrounding tissue nor the hydration state (wet versus dry) of the ACS material at the time of implantation. Differential micro biomechanical factors operating at the implantation site appeared to have an influence on the thickness of inflammation. We conclude that the degree of the early inflammatory response of the ACS/BMP-2 may be associated with the physical and chemical properties of the carrier material itself.

Preparation and Characterization of Corn Starch Bio-Active Edible Packaging Films Based on Zein Incorporated with Orange-Peel Oil

“…Meanwhile, growing awareness of food safety has made biodegradable materials more and more popular [1]. Due to being less-polluting to the environment and their abundance sources in nature [2,3], many natural macro-molecular materials are being applied in food packaging, such as starch, chitosan, cellulose, silk fibroin protein, gelatin, among others [4,5]. Starch is one of the natural macro-molecular materials with abundant natural reserve and biodegradability.…”

Collagen sponge and rhBMP-2 improve socket healing in rats treated with zoledronic acid

“…32 rhBMP-2 is a multi-functional growth factor, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, and has been used widely in clinics since its FDA approval in 2007 for oral and maxillofacial applications. 33,34,35 BMP-2 can be utilized in various therapeutic interventions, because it plays an important role in bone formation. 34 BMP-2 with an absorbed collagen sponge is widely used in clinical practice for bone regeneration.…”

“…34 BMP-2 with an absorbed collagen sponge is widely used in clinical practice for bone regeneration. 33 Collagen has been the most extensively used carrier for the delivery of rhBMPs because it is the most abundant non-mineral component of bones. 35 rhBMP-2 with a collagen sponge carrier has shown potential for enhanced bone formation in periodontal surgery.…”

Sub‐clinical dose of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 does not precipitate rampant, sustained inflammatory response in bone wound healing

“…However, the use of rhBMP‐2 has far surpassed these limits and now, off‐label application is reported to represent over 90% of rhBMP‐2 use . While this protein has revolutionized the field of bone biology, adverse side effects associated with rhBMP‐2 application continue to be reported in an ever‐growing body of literature . While rhBMP‐2 is extremely successful in precipitating robust bone fill, concerns remain about the quality of the regenerate, the production of ectopic bone, as well as the formation of rampant inflammation and severe edema.…”

“…13,17 While this protein has revolutionized the field of bone biology, adverse side effects associated with rhBMP-2 application continue to be reported in an ever-growing body of literature. 15,16,[18][19][20][21][22][23] While rhBMP-2 is extremely successful in precipitating robust bone fill, concerns remain about the quality of the regenerate, 15,16 the production of ectopic bone, as well as the formation of rampant inflammation and severe edema. Delivery of rhBMP-2 largely drives bone wound healing through a process that most closely resembles endochondral ossification (indirect fracture healing).…”