The Acute Inflammatory Reaction in Chicken Skin: Blood Cellular Response

Pathology of passive mesenteric anaphylaxis in the chicken

“…A similar mixed exudate has been reported by Chand et al (1976) in PCA and by Dhodapkar et al (1983Dhodapkar et al ( , 1984 in the Arthus reaction. Mixed cellular responses have even been reported in non-immunological inflammation (Carlson and Allen, 1970;Nair, 1973;Awadhiya et al, 1981a, b;Sinha et al, 1987). The present finding endorses the earlier suggestion made by Dhodapkar et al (1983Dhodapkar et al ( , 1984 that early emigration of heterophils and monocytoid cells, and participation of basophils, appear characteristic of acute inflammatory reaction in the chicken.…”

Observations on the serological and dermal responses of Turkeys to a single subcutaneous inoculation of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine in mineral oil adjuvant

“…Thus the main components were an inflammatory response towards the mineral oil adjuvant together with the appearance of macrophages and plasma cells which persisted throughout the period of observation. Though the time course of the reaction was not studied in detail certain of the changes corresponded to previous descriptions of inflammatory reactions in chicken skin (Carlson and Allen, 1969;Nair, 1973). For example heterophils predominated in the early stages of response then they gradually decreased in number and the irritant material was walled off by a granulomatous reaction.…”

Functional analysis of the skin‐swelling response to phytohaemagglutinin

“…Saino et al 2003;Brommer 2004;Cucco et al 2006;Mougeot 2008;Bonato et al 2009). Nevertheless, as shown already by McCorkle, Olah & Glick (1980) and more recently by Martin et al (2006) this is not the case and other leukocyte types also infiltrate the tissue (leading to a cellular composition that greatly resembles other inflammatory processes; Carlson & Allen 1969;Campbell & Ellis 2007). Although it is thus clear that T-cell mitosis is not responsible for the swelling response, one could argue that the intensity of the immune response is dependent on the efficiency of initial T-cell activation at the treatment site.…”

“…First, we questioned whether the reaction is dependent on the specific biological properties of PHA. To test this we compared the immune response to PHA-P with the response to a non-mitogenic and non-erythroagglutinating (control) protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA; Carlson & Allen 1969). Secondly, to investigate the relative contribution of T-cell activation to the immune response, we assessed the effect of PHA-L and PHA-E. We predicted that following the application of PHA-E, no swelling response would take place if the reaction is dependent on initial T-cell activation.…”