The acute effects of electronic cigarette smoking on the cutaneous circulation

Page, Felicity; Hamnett, Nathan; Wearn, Christopher M.; Hardwicke, Joseph; Moiemen, Naiem

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2015.12.015

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Laboratory studies find modest increases in nicotine biomarkers after vaping. 169,195,197,203,206,209–211,215,222,223,232,233,239,246,248,264,271,284,300 Vaping has no or minimal impact on other physiologic measures (i.e., exhaled carbon monoxide, complete blood count, body weight), 142,202,203,230,237,239,242,257,265,272,274,276,282,285,292,303 with improvements in outcomes seen for smokers switching to ENDS, such as reduced blood pressure, improved lung function, and improved disease symptoms (i.e., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). 214,230,273,287 Some studies have examined cardiovascular measures associated with vaping, 195,197,209,222,223,226,232,246,248,257,273,300,301 with the majority finding an increase in heart rate, 195,223,232,246,248,300 but three finding no change after use.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

418

332

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Context Rapid developments in e-cigarettes, or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and the evolution of the overall tobacco product marketplace warrant frequent evaluation of the published literature. The purpose of this article is to report updated findings from a comprehensive review of the published scientific literature on ENDS. Evidence acquisition The authors conducted a systematic review of published empirical research literature on ENDS through May 31, 2016, using a detailed search strategy in the PubMed electronic database, expert review, and additional targeted searches. Included studies presented empirical findings and were coded to at least one of nine topics: (1) Product Features; (2) Health Effects; (3) Consumer Perceptions; (4) Patterns of Use; (5) Potential to Induce Dependence; (6) Smoking Cessation; (7) Marketing and Communication; (8) Sales; and (9) Policies; reviews and commentaries were excluded. Data from included studies were extracted by multiple coders (October 2015 to August 2016) into a standardized form and synthesized qualitatively by topic. Evidence synthesis There were 686 articles included in this systematic review. The majority of studies assessed patterns of ENDS use and consumer perceptions of ENDS, followed by studies examining health effects of vaping and product features. Conclusions Studies indicate that ENDS are increasing in use, particularly among current smokers, pose substantially less harm to smokers than cigarettes, are being used to reduce/quit smoking, and are widely available. More longitudinal studies and controlled trials are needed to evaluate the impact of ENDS on population-level tobacco use and determine the health effects of longer-term vaping.

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Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Glasser

Collins

Pearson

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

418

332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was found that all three study groups were not significantly different from each other and all experienced a significantly higher percentage of flap necrosis than the rats exposed to room air. The second was a pilot study showing study subjects smoking electronic cigarettes exhibited decreases in cutaneous blood flow [ 3 ]. The third was a case report by Krishnan et al [ 4 ] which reported a case of bilateral muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) flaps that experienced multiple episodes of vasospasm in a woman smoking e-cigarettes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, e-cigarettes can contain more nicotine than traditional cigarettes. E-cigarettes may have just as much of a detrimental effect on tissue oxygenation as traditional cigarettes given study subjects demonstrated decreases in subcutaneous blood flow with e-cigarette use [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surgical Impact of E-Cigarettes: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature

et al. 2017

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We report a case of a 51 years old female with a 25 pack year smoking history who underwent bilateral mastectomy and immediate tissue expander reconstruction for newly diagnosed right breast cancer. The patient reported herself as a non-smoker despite significant e-cigarette use, with resulting significant mastectomy skin flap necrosis and breast reconstruction failure. Little is known about the physiologic effect of e-cigarettes on wound healing and tissue perfusion. To this end, we provide an updated review of the impact of e-cigarettes on surgical outcomes. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and PRS GO were searched for the terms “e-cigarette”, “electronic cigarette”, “e-cig”, “electronic nicotine delivery system”, “vaping”, “surgery”, “surgical”, “peri-operative”, “operate”, “operative”, and “wound healing”. Abstract review of all articles was performed. 123 articles returned that contained both variants of e-cigarettes and surgery as keywords. Of those, manual assessment returned three articles which were found to be relevant to e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. No articles were found that compared perioperative complications in e-cigarette versus traditional cigarette users in humans. In conclusion, our case report depicts the potential dangers associated with e-cigarette use in the surgical patient. There is a public misconception that e-cigarettes are healthier than traditional cigarettes and as such their use may go unreported by patients. Early evidence suggests e-cigarettes may induce some of the same physiologic changes as traditional cigarettes, and may have a significant deleterious effect on wound healing.

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“…15 Improvements in technology of the devices may help explain the similar nicotine levels observed among tobacco smokers and ENDS users. The usage of electronic cigarettes has been shown to cause a significant reduction in cutaneous blood flow, 16 which could negatively impact wound healing. This fact provides further evidence of the significant physiologic changes that result from electronic cigarette usage leading to increased postoperative complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Nicotine Replacement a Safe Alternative to Smoking in Plastic Surgery Patients?

Michaels

Craft

Michaels

et al. 2018

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background:E-cigarettes, nicotine transdermal patches, and nicotine chewing gum are occasionally used as cigarette replacements by patients, but it is unknown if their use is a safe alternative to smoking in the perioperative period.Methods:All patients undergoing major surgery at a single outpatient ambulatory surgery center for a 5-year period were tested for urine cotinine, a nicotine metabolite, the day of surgery. Patients were divided into 4 groups: never smoked (group A), quit smoking with negative urine test (group B), continued to smoke (group C), and quit smoking with positive urine test (group D). Statistical significance of complications among groups was tested using right tailed chi-square test and point biserial correlation coefficient calculations. To control for confounding factors, age and BMI of each group were compared using unequal sample size and variance t tests.Results:Four hundred seventy patients were included in the study. Patient count in each group was group A n = 380, group B n = 48, group C n = 32, and group D n = 10. Complication frequency was as follows D > C > A > B. Statistically significant differences were observed between D + C (cotinine positive) and A + B (cotinine negative) P = 0.0001 and between D (nicotine replacement) and B (nicotine abstinence) P = 0.00026. There was neither statistical difference between groups A and B, nor C and D.Conclusions:Nicotine replacement carries similar risks as continued smoking and is not as safe as abstinence in the perioperative period in plastic surgery patients. Importantly, patients who stopped smoking for the surgery had equivalent risk for postoperative complications as patients who had never smoked.

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The acute effects of electronic cigarette smoking on the cutaneous circulation

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review

The Surgical Impact of E-Cigarettes: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature

Is Nicotine Replacement a Safe Alternative to Smoking in Plastic Surgery Patients?

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