The Acute Effect of Smoking on Uteroplacental Blood Flow in Normotensive and Hypertensive Pregnancy

Lehtovirta, Pentti; Forss, M.

doi:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1980.tb00283.x

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our study also showed that 50% of the subjects" SBF dropped during smoking; the other 50%'s SBF remained relatively unchanged. Heart rate and BP also increased significantly with smoking, thus confirming findings of others (Coffman & Javett 1963, Trap-Jenson et al 1979. Lehtovirta & Forss 1980.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans

Baab

Öberg

1987

J Clinic Periodontology

146

116

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This paper presents the acute effects of cigarette smoking on blood flow to the gingiva in 12 young smokers. Relative gingival blood flow (GBF) was measured by a laser Doppler fiberoptic probe placed 1 mm into the buccal sulcus of tooth no. 26. The probe continuously measured the flux of blood cells (velocity X number of cells) in the gingival crest. Relative skin blood flow (SBF) to the forearm and heart rate were also monitored continously; blood pressure (BP) was assessed at 5-min intervals. After resting for 5 min, subjects sham smoked an unlighted cigarette for 5 min, then smoked the cigarette, and finally rested for 25 min afterwards. Mean changes from resting for all variables were compared to sham smoking for each 5 min block. Mean GBF rose significantly above sham smoking values during smoking, and remained elevated during the first 5 min after smoking (p less than 0.05). Mean SBF decreased slightly during and after smoking, but the changes were not significantly depressed compared to sham smoking (p greater than 0.05). During smoking, BP and heart rate increased significantly over sham smoking (p less than 0.05). GBF increased almost linearily when the probe was placed into the gingival sulcus; this phenomenon did not occur when the probe was placed externally to the gingival crest. The theory that smoking impairs gingival blood flow may not be true in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Smoking increases blood flow to skeletal muscle (Coffman & Javett 1963), intestines, and uterus (Lehtovirta & Forss 1980), but it decreases flow to forearm skin (Waeber et al 1984) and hands (Shepherd 1951, Freund & Ward I960, Drettner 1965. Sarin et al 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans

Baab

Öberg

1987

J Clinic Periodontology

146

116

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“…In a study, it was fo und that ci ga ret te smo king dec re a sed the in ter vil lo us blo od trans fer acu tely which tur ned to nor mal 15 mi nu tes af ter stopping smo king. 24 In our study, when the fin dings of smo ker mot hers we re com pa red to ne ver smo ker mot hers, the per cen ta ge of pre ec lamp si a was hig her in the smokers. Ho we ver, this re sult was not sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Evaluation of Smoking Among Pregnant Women in a Central Anatolian City of Turkey: Comparison with Other Countries

Marakoğlu¹,

Erdem²

2011

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : The aim of this study is to eva lu a te the rate of smo king and pe ri na tal outco mes of ma ter nal smo king du ring preg nancy in a hos pi tal-ba sed study. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : All ca ses rec ru i ted to the study we re as ked to res pond to a se ri es of qu es ti ons in a fa ce-to-fa ce in ter view on the first day af ter de li very. Of the 830 sub jects, 600 comp le ted the qu es ti on na i re to de ter mine the so ci o de mog ra pic fe a tu res and smo king sta tus. Ba bi es we re we ig hed by the re se arc hers. Abor ti ons, still birth, pre ma tu re de li very, low birth we ight, placental abruption, pla cen ta pre vi a, ec lamp si a, pre ma tu re rup tu res of the mem bra ne we re de ter mi ned. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : The me an age was 28.4 ± 5.81 ye ars. The rate of wo men who smo ked at any ti me of the ir preg nancy was 7.3% (n= 44). Com pa red to the ba bi es born to mot hers who did not smo ke du ring preg nancy, ba bi es born to mothers who smo ked du ring preg nancy we re 128.68 g ligh ter. When the fin dings of smo king mot hers we re com pa red to ne ver smo king mot hers, the rates of abor ti on (38.6% ver sus 29.3%), still birth (4.5%-2.7%), pre ma tu re de li very (31.8%-19.1%), low birth we ight (22.7%-18.2%), placental abruption (2.3%-1.6%), and pre ec lamp si a (9.1%-8.6%) we re hig her (p> 0.05). The ra te of pre matu re rup tu re of the mem bra nes among smo ker preg nant wo men was fo und sig ni fi cantly hig her compared to ne ver smo kers (p< 0.05). C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : Ac cor ding to our fin dings, it is cle ar that smoking du ring preg nancy had ad ver se pe ri na tal out co mes. Preg nant smo kers sho uld be en co u ra ged to qu it smo king. Co un sel ling sho uld be gi ven by he althca re pro fes si o nals at all ti mes. In addition, the part ners who smo ke sho uld be in for med of the risks as well.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Pregnancy; smoking Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu ça lış ma nın ama cı has ta ne ve ri le ri ne da ya lı ola rak ge be lik sı ra sın da si ga ra iç me yüz de si ve ge be lik te si ga ra içil me si nin pe ri na tal so nuç la rı nı de ğer len dir mek tir.G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m --l le er r: : Bü tün ol gu lar do ğum son ra sı bi rin ci gün de yüz yü ze bir se ri so ru ya ce vap ve re ce ği bil di ri le rek ça lış ma ya alın dı lar. 830 ol gu nun 600'ü si ga ra iç me ve sos yo de mog ra fik özel lik le ri be lir ten bir anke ti ta mam la dı. Be bek ler araş tır ma cı lar ta ra fın dan tar tıl dı lar. Dü şük ler, in tra u te rin ölüm ler, prema tür do ğum lar, dü şük do ğum ağır lı ğı, ab rup ti o pla cen ta, pla cen ta pre vi a, ek lamp si ve er ken mem bran rüp tür le ri be lir le ne rek kay de dil di. B Bu ul l g gu u l la ar r: : Ol gu la rın yaş or ta la ma sı 28.4 ± 5.81 yaş idi. Ge be li ğin her han gi bir za ma nın da si ga ra iç miş olan ka dın la rın yüz de si %7.3 (n= 44) idi. Ge be lik sı -ra sın da an ne ...

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“…In human pregnancies where there are adverse intra‐uterine conditions, such as an altered placental blood flow or infection, fetal growth can be compromised, leading to detrimental effects on brain development. Adverse conditions that can result in intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR) include maternal smoking, 1 substance abuse, 2,3 hypertension 4 and damage to, or abnormalities of, the placenta (for a review, see Robinson and Owen 5 ). Inadequate blood supply to the fetus via the placenta results in the restricted transfer of critical substrates, in particular oxygen, glucose, lactate and amino acids.…”

Section: Effects Of An Adverse Intra‐uterine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Rehn

Rees

2005

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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SUMMARY1. An optimal intra-uterine environment is critical for normal development of the brain. It is now thought that abnormal development in a compromised prenatal and/or early postnatal environment may be a risk factor for several neurological disorders that manifest postnatally, such as cerebral palsy, schizophrenia and epilepsy.2. The present review examines some of the effects of abnormal prenatal brain development and focuses on one disorder that has been hypothesized to have, at least in part, an early neurodevelopmental aetiology: schizophrenia.3. The key neuropathological alterations and changes in some of the neurotransmitter systems observed in patients with schizophrenia are reviewed. Evidence in support of a neurodevelopmental hypothesis for schizophrenia is examined. 4. A summary of the animal models that have been used by researchers in an attempt to elucidate the origins of this disorder is presented. Although no animal model of a complex human disorder is ever likely to emulate deficits in all aspects of structure and function observed in patients with a neuropsychiatric illness, our findings and those of others give support to the early neurodevelopmental hypothesis.5. Thus, it is possible that an adverse event in utero disrupts normal brain development and creates a vulnerability of the brain that predisposes an already at-risk individual (e.g. genetic inheritance) to develop the disorder later in life.

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The Acute Effect of Smoking on Uteroplacental Blood Flow in Normotensive and Hypertensive Pregnancy

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans

The effect of cigarette smoking on gingival blood flow in humans

Evaluation of Smoking Among Pregnant Women in a Central Anatolian City of Turkey: Comparison with Other Countries

Investigating the Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

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